THE 

MAGAZINE 
STYLE-CODE 


BY 


LEIGH    H.    IRVINE 


CROWN    PUBLISHING   CO, 

SAN  FRANCISCO 
1906 


DE  WITT  &  SHELLING 
BOOKSELLERS 

9  TELEGRAPH  AVE.  OAKLAND.  CAl 


GIFT  OF 


THE  MAGAZINE  STYLE-CODE 


A  MANUAL  FOR  THE  GUIDANCE  OF  AUTHORS, 
REPORTERS,  TYPEWRITERS,  MINISTERS, 
LAWYERS,    PROOFREADERS,    COM- 
POSITORS, PUBLISHERS,  AND 
ALL  WHO  WRITE. 

LARGELY    CODIFIED    FROM  THE    SYSTEM    OF 
THEODORE  LOW  DE  VINNE,  FROM  THE 
CENTURY  MAGAZINE,  THE  CEN- 
TURY COMPANY'S  BOOKS, 
AND  THE  TREATISES 
OF    F.  HORACE 
TEALL. 

ABBREVIATIONS,  THE  USE  OF  CAPITAL 
LETTERS,     COMPOUND     WORDS, 
ETC.,  FULLY  ILLUSTRATED 
AND  EXPLAINED. 

BY 

LEIGH  H.  IRVINE 

Author  of  The  New  California,  An  Affair  in  the  South  Seas, 
The  IVnter's  Blue  Book,   and  Other  Works. 

CROWN  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 
1906.     ;    ; 


V 


Copyright,    1906, 
SAMUEL  EPPSTEIN 


DEDICATED 


TO 


THEODORE  LOW  DE  VINNE, 

WHOSE  WORKS  ON  TYPOGRAPHY  HAVE  BEEN 
THE    AUTHOR'S    GUIDE  AND    INSPIRA- 
TION  IN  THE  PREPARATION  OF 
THIS    LITTLE    BOOK. 


260162 


The   Magazine   Style-code 


SOURCES  OF  AUTHORITY. 

1.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  every  publish- 
ing-house does  not  start  on  the  principle  that 
a  thorough  system  of  doing  things  right  should 
precede  the  turning  out  of  printed  matter ;  but 
the  press  of  business  is  so  great,  the  demands 
for  *  rush  work '  are  so  many,  that  system  comes 
last,  if  at  all.  Managers  are  busy  with  the 
cash  account  and  the  pay-roll,  for  which  rea- 
son a  great  deal  is  left  to  chance. 

Thus  it  falls  that  the  negligence,  incompe- 
tence, or  preoccupation  of  printing-office  man- 
agers makes  good  systems  of  typography  the 
exception  rather  than  the  rule.  It  is  a  reflec- 
tion on  the  art  preservative  that  the  slipshod 
methods  and  unscholarly  composition  of  the 
daily  newspaper  type  often  corrupt  the  pages 
of  trade-  and  class-publications,  as  well  as 
of  magazines  and  books.  See  paragraph  45  of 
this  book  for  an  explanation  of  the  use  of 
hyphens  in  the  foregoing  sentence.  See  para- 
graph 68  for  the  use  of  single  quote-marks 
herein. 


6  The   Magazine   Style-code 

The  hurried  work  of  newspapermen  may  be 
partly  excused  on  the  ground  of  haste,  yet  in 
another  sense  it  requires  no  more  time  to  do  a 
thing  the  right  way  than  to  do  it  the  wrong 
way. 

Printing-houses  that  pretend  to  turn  out 
careful  work,  such  as  publishing  books  and 
periodicals,  should  follow  some  model  of  un- 
questioned authority;  but  as  proper  exemplars 
are  not  often  at  hand,  the  daily  newspaper, 
being  omnipresent,  is  taken  for  a  pattern. 

The  purpose  of  this  handbook  is  to  furnish  a 
guide  based  on  the  scholarship  and  technical 
knowledge  of  some  of  the  world's  greatest 
authors  and  printers.  As  blunders  and  incon- 
sistencies creep  into  print  everywhere,  even 
when  special  care  is  taken  to  avoid  them,  the 
author  expects  this  very  work  to  be  an  example 
of  the  mistakes  it  warns  others  to  avoid.  Such 
shortcomings  as  here  appear,  however,  should 
serve  to  emphasize  the  need  of  great  pains  by 
all  who  write  and  print. 

Some  years  ago  it  fell  to  the  author  to  har- 
monize the  style-codes  of  three  printing-houses 
that  were  doing  work  for  him.  In  seeking  a 
model  of  accuracy  and  typographical  neatness 
the  system  expounded  by  Theodore  Low  De 
Vinne,  used  by  the  Century  Magazine  and  the 
Century  Company,  was  chosen. 


The    Magazine    Style-code  7 

It  was  discovered  that  there  never  has  been 
any  formal  style-code  in  use  by  the  De  Vinne- 
Century  printers.  They  have  learned  the  style 
by  studying  De  Vinne's  Correct  Composition 
and  like  works  of  his  on  typography.  Office 
experience  teaches  printers  the  written  and  un- 
written laws  of  the  De  Vinne  code. 

The  method  of  the  Century  printers  has  been 
largely  the  method  of  the  author  of  this 
manual.  By  correspondence  with  Mr.  De 
Vinne,  by  studying  his  books,  and  by  the  prac- 
tical application  of  his  rules  to  the  work  of 
many  offices  the  writer  has  come  to  know  his 
methods,  which  are  believed  to  be  the  simplest 
and  most  scholarly  in  use  in  the  United  States 
to-day.  More  than  eighty  per  cent  of  the  rules 
herein  expounded  are  codified  from  the  works 
of  De  Vinne,  or  gleaned  from  Teall  and  sim- 
ilar sources  of  indisputable  authority.  The 
work  of  the  Chicago  Proofreaders*  Association 
has  been  found  helpful  in  the  compounding  of 
words. 

System  is  as  necessary  in  a  printing-house  as 
in  a  bank,  and  classification  and  obedience  to 
the  law  of  the  office  are  absolutely  essential 
to  the  production  of  correct  composition.  Since 
many  editors  and  patrons,  authors  and  others 
are  usually  either  careless  or  untrained  in  the 
art  of  preparing  copy,  the  printer  must  be  ex- 


8  The   Magazine    Style-code 

tremely  painstaking  and  methodic,  or  his  work 
will  be  censured,  and  he  will  be  blamed  for 
every  fault  that  shows  itself  in  'cold  type.' 
The  owners  of  newspapers  printed  at  other 
men's  offices  are  especially  unreasonable  when 
mistakes  occur.  No  matter  how  careless  such 
customers  are  with  their  work,  they  expect 
the  printer  to  be  infallible.  Every  publisher 
of  wide  experience  will  corroborate  this  state- 
ment. The  skilful  writer  expects  reasonable 
accuracy,  the  ignoramus  wants  printers  to  be 
Macaulays  and  mind-readers  as  well. 

2.  Why  Style-codes  are  Necessary.  Style- 
codes  are  necessary  because  much  of  the  copy 
that  is  presented  to  printers  is  neither  written 
nor  edited  with  reference  to  accuracy,  consist- 
ency, or  the  rules  of  orderly  typography.  In- 
deed much  copy  is  not  edited  at  all ;  it  reaches 
the  case  or  the  machine  with  its  original  crudi- 
ties thick  upon  it,  and  if  blunders  are  discov- 
ered by  the  public  the  slovenly  authors  defend 
themselves  by  charging  them  to  'errors  of  the 
types,'  or  blunders  of  the  printers.  On  ac- 
count of  the  general  carelessness  of  writers, 
style-codes  are  necessary;  they  enable  printers 
and  proofreaders  to  hold  writers  within  reason- 
able bounds.  If  all  things  were  written  just 
as  they  should  be  printed,  style-codes  would  be 
useless. 


The   Magazine   Style-code  9 

3.  Edited  Manuscripts  Save  Money.    Just 
as  short  words  and  short,  simple  sentences  save 
the  time  and  energy  required  to  gather  the 
meaning  that  would  be  clouded  by  the  use  of 
long,  involved  sentences,  so  clearly  written  and 
accurately  prepared    manuscripts     save  time, 
energy,  and  money  in  the  printing-office. 

Typewritten  copy  is  almost  a  necessity  in 
this  busy  age,  but  whether  penned  or  typed, 
manuscripts  should  be  consistent  in  style,  and 
above  all  readily  legible.  Fast  typesetting  ma- 
chines should  not  be  made  slow  and  expensive 
by  the  carelessness  and  indistinct  manuscripts 
of  editors  and  other  writers  for  the  press. 

4.  Uniformity  is  Essential  to  Success.    Uni- 
formity in  the  method  of  using  capital  letters, 
compound  words,  punctuation  marks,  etc.,  is 
essential  where  any  care  is  taken  with  printed 
matter.     It  is  astonishing  that  many  editors, 
reporters,  ministers,  lawyers,  and  others  who 
write  for  publication  are  not  only  ignorant  of 
typographical  niceties,  but  of  fundamentals  as 
well.    Going  further,  it  may  be  said  that  many 
printing-houses  are  conducted  in  a  haphazard 
way,  as  if  uniformity  and  accuracy  were  lux- 
uries beyond  price.    Even  under  the  best  sys- 
tem, contradictions  and  other  errors  are  certain 
to  abound.    The  best  that  can  be  expected  is 
to  reduce  blunders  to  the  minimum. 


10  The    Magazine    Style-code 

5.  Pissing  the  Blame  to  Printers.  Many 
writers  pass  the  responsibility  and  the  blame 
to  printers.  This  is  a  slovenly  and  unreason- 
able course.  Printers  do  not  agree,  some  are 
incompetent,  all  are  busy  with  other  details 
than  editing  copy,  and  it  is  not  the  duty  of 
printers  to  correct  the  blunders  of  writers. 
Again,  a  printer  may  see  but  a  fraction  of 
a  given  manuscript,  and  may  not  know,  unless 
there  is  an  office  style-card,  what  system  is  the 
author's  desire.  A  style-card  will  show  printers 
the  way  out  of  many  dark  places,  and  will 
overcome  many  of  the  obstacles  presented 
by  the  copy  of  untrained  editors  and  writers. 
In  well-arranged  offices,  however,  the  composi- 
tor's right  to  make  changes  is  a  limited  one. 

It  is  the  duty  of  typographers  to  follow  copy 
unless  there  is  a  clear  inadvertence,  such  as 
going  too  town  instead  of  to  town,  for  example. 
Writers  should  understand  that  printers, 
though  often  highly  competent  to  write  or  edit 
manuscripts  better  than  those  who  present 
them  as  copy,  are  too  busy  at  the  case  or  the 
machine  to  stop  and  edit  copy,  form  a  style- 
code,  consult  dictionaries,  verify  quotations, 
harmonize  discrepancies,  and  prevent  the 
blunders  of  writers  in  general.  If  nobody 
edits  copy,  one  of  two  things  happens — the 
blunders  are  put  into  type  for  the  public  eye. 


The  Matame  S&*coJc  11 


or  they  are  eorreeted  by  the  proofreader.    The 
former  course  destroys  the  printer's 
tion,  the  latter  adds  to  the  cost  of 

6.  Making  Copy  is  an  Art.    The  world's 
universities  do  not  teach  how  to  prepare  copy 
for  printers.     Often  college  Ben  are  not  only 
poor  writers  of  Kngfikh,  hot  they  are  as  care- 
less of  the  meeties  of  typography  as  are  print- 
ers in  most  houses,  editors  of  some  publiea- 

publie  officers.    In  m 
endes  abound    Numbers,  for 
he  spelled  out,  or  written  in 
yet  the  three 
page  of  copy. 

7.  Uniform  Metb 
viations,  the  use  of  italic,  of 
of  types,  of  Tarying 
fight-faced    antique,    and   like 

for  indicating 

words,  etc.,  should  he 
definite  and  Muyhle  plan. 

8.  Points  for  Writers.    Paper  for  linotype 
operators  as  well  as  that  for  hand-compositors 
should  be  about  the  size  of  commercial  note, 
and  the  writing  should  run  the  long  way  of 
the  page,  the  reason  bong  that  sheets  of  the 
commercial  note  size  fit  into  the  machine  'copy- 
holder'very  neatly.    Good  margins  should  be 


12  The   Magazine   Style-code 

left  at  the  top  and  sides,  this  for  side-notes 
and  catch-lines  for  headings.  Names  of  per- 
sons, etc.,  should  be  'printed  out'  carefully  in 
manuscripts,  and  interlineations  should  be 
avoided.  Blind  hands  have  always  caused  in- 
finite trouble  in  printing-houses.  (Consult 
'blind'  in  the  Standard  Dictionary.) 

9.  Style-codes  Should  be  Mastered.    Those 
in   authority  in  publishing-houses    and    else- 
where should  compel  reporters,  editors,  print- 
ers, proofreaders,  and  others  whose  duty  it  is 
to  know  style  to  master  the  office  code.    In 
many  instances  the  carelessness  of  writers  adds 
to  the  cost  of  production  in  every  other  de- 
partment of  publishing.     Strangely,  however, 
many   writers   assume   offhand   that   anybody 
can  capitalize  words  correctly  and  uniformly. 
Such  writers  jump  to  conclusions  in  the  most 
reckless  way  imaginable.     Their  methods  and 
definitions  are  no  more  correct  than  were  the 
definitions  given  by  a  band  of  amateur  scien- 
tists who  described  a  crab  in  answer  to  the 
great  Cuvier's  question.    They  said  a  crab  was 
a  small,  red  fish  that  walks  backward.  "A  per- 
fect definition,"  said  Cuvier,  "except  that  the 
crab  is  not  a  fish,  is  not  red,  and  does  not  walk 
backward." 

10.  Office  Dictionary  Should  Govern.    One 
dictionary  should  be  selected  as  the  sovereign 


The    Magazine    Style-code  1 3 

guide  in  every  printing-house.  If  some  things 
in  the  chosen  dictionary  seem  wrong  there 
should  be  a  list  or  card  of  variations  from  au- 
thority. For  many  reasons  the  author  of  this 
little  book  prefers  the  Standard  Dictionary  to 
all  others.  It  seems  to  have,  among  other 
things,  the  most  consistent  and  thorough  method 
of  compounding  words.  Its  spellings  are  the 
simplest,  its  pronunciations  the  most  rational. 
The  incomparable  work  of  F.  Horace  Teall 
shines  in  the  department  that  deals  with  the 
important  subject  of  compounding  English 
words.  Teall's  English  Compound  Words  and 
Phrases  should  be  before  every  editor.  As  else- 
where explained,  his  system  is  a  little  behind 
the  times,  owing  to  a  recent  movement  to 
solidify  words.  See  paragraph  41. 

11.  What  Printers  Should  Edit.  There  is 
a  class  of  matter  which  printers  should  edit 
as  they  proceed  in  their  work,  and  this  they 
should  do  without  delay  or  risk  of  exceeding 
authority.  Reprint  should  be  made  to  con- 
form to  the  office  style.  Often  editors  have 
ample  time  to  read  clippings  with  sufficient 
care  for  acceptance,  but  without  time  or  means 
to  make  such  excerpts  conform  to  the  govern- 
ing code.  Owing  to  lack  of  marginal  space 
and  space  between  printed  lines,  there  is  no 
room  for  certain  emendations,  the  changing  of 


14  The   Magazine   Style-code 

compounds,  and  the  rearrangement  of  capitals. 
For  these  reasons  most  reprint  reaches  the 
printer  as  it  originally  appeared  in  the  'ex- 
change' from  which  it  was  clipped. 

Even  if  an  editor  should  take  pains  to 
change  the  style  of  reprint  the  result  would 
be  an  unsatisfactory  net-work  of  interlinea- 
tions, carets,  transpositions,  rings,  and  other 
marks — in  short,  it  would  be  bad  copy.  Some 
editors  make  it  a  rule  to  quote  the  general  style 
of  the  clipping,  holding  that  the  style  of  the 
clipping  is  as  much  a  part  of  the  author's  per- 
sonality as  are  his  words  and  sentences.  Un- 
fortunately there  are  usually  so  many  contra- 
dictions and  inaccuracies,  so  many  evidences 
of  no  style  whatever,  that  it  is  not  a  sensible 
plan  to  follow  reprint  copy.  The  best  system  is 
for  the  compositor  to  follow  the  code  of  his 
office,  and  the  code  should  be  so  well  known  to 
him  that  to  follow  it  would  be  a  pleasure. 

In  many  small  offices,  where  copy-readers  or 
copy-editors  are  not  employed,  a  knowledge  of 
the  style-code  by  printers  and  proofreaders  is 
of  vital  importance.  It  has  been  computed  by 
a  committee  of  printers  of  wide  experience 
that  a  style-code  will  save  from  three  to  five  per 
cent  of  the  cost  of  composition.  In  offices  con- 
ducted along  the  lines  of  chaos  the  waste  of 
time  is  great. 


The   Magazine   Style-code  15 

12.  Authors   are  the   Supreme   Authority. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  every  author  has  the 
right  to  dictate  what  shall  be  the  typographical 
form  of  his  work,  but  no  self-respecting  pub- 
lisher's imprint  or  hall-mark  ever  appears  on 
the  pages  of  slovenly  work.  Even  the  author 
who  demands  his  own  way  should  be  shown 
his  inconsistencies  and  slacknesses,  if  they 
exist.  The  productions  of  some  authors,  who 
insist  that  copy  be  followed  by  the  printer, 
betray  lack  of  system  before  the  work  has 
reached  the  end  of  a  galley;  but  if  a  writer 
urges  that  his  faults  be  put  in  type  his  orders 
should  be  followed.  Instructions  are  often 
obeyed,  greatly  to  the  amusement  of  everybody 
in  the  office,  including  the  battery  boy  and  the 
devil. 

ABBREVIATIONS    IN    GENERAL. 

13.  Anno  Domini  should  be  printed  with 
small  capitals  when  abbreviated  as  A.  D. 

14.  Apostrophes    for    Plural    of   .Letters 
Wrong.       De  Vinne  aptly  says  on  page  285 
of  Correct  Composition  that  the  apostrophe  is 
not  proper  to  express  plurality.     Its  use  in 
print  for  this  purpose  is  the  repetition  of  an 
indefensible  colloquialism,  even  though  the  dic- 
tionaries record  the  form.     Letters  should  be 
spelled  as  follows ;  aes,  bees,  cees,  dees,  ees,  ef s, 


16  The    Magazine    Style-code 

gees,  aitches,  ies,  jays,  kays,  els,  ems,  ens,  oes, 
pees,  ques,  ars,  esses,  tees,  ues,  vees,  ws  or 
dubleyuz,  exes,  wyes,  zees.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  esses  this  is  the  form  given  by  the 
Standard  Dictionary. 

15.  Apostrophe    to    be    Omitted.    Mida^s 
Criterion  and  Dean's  Landing  need  the  apos- 
trophe as  a  sign  of  possession,  but  when  re- 
ferred to  as  Midas  and  Deans,  the  apostrophe 
is  useless,  and  should  be  omitted.     Harper's 
Ferry,  but  only  Harpers  when  used  in  the  cur- 
tailed form  for  the  Ferry,  meaning  Harper's 
Ferry.     See  De  Vinne's  Correct  Composition, 
page  284.    Consult  paragraph  68  of  this  book. 

16.  Apostrophe    in    Possessives.      Do  not 
omit  the  apostrophe  in  such  names  as  James's, 
Banks 's,  and  Williams 's  in  possessive  use.    It 
is  a  slovenly  newspaper  custom  to  omit  apos- 
trophes, except  when  the  sound  x>f  a  second 
ess  makes  a  disagreeable  hissing.     Whenever 
the   second    ess    is   distinctly    pronounced  it 
should  be  inserted  after  the  apostrophe.     De 
Vinne,  Teall,  Bain,  Alford,  Moon,  and  others 
are  firm  in  demanding  the  ess  and  the  apostro- 
phe whenever  the  sound  of  the  second  ess  is 
given  in  speech.     Bain  says:     "We  say  St. 
James's  and  St.   Giles's,  Burns 's,  and  Doug- 
las's."    This  is  also  the  style  of  such  maga- 
zines as  the  Century.  See  paragraphs  15  and  68. 


The    Magazine   Style-code  1 7 

17.  Arabic  Numbers.    Books  should  be  dis- 
figured as  little  as  possible  by  arabic  numerals 
in  the  text.    Numbers  thus  set  are  always  dry 
and  forbidding  in  appearance.    See  paragraphs 
19,  24,  and  Words,  under  paragraph  27,  divi- 
sion (16). 

18.  A.  M.,  etc.     Capital  and  small  capital 
letters  are  not  needed  in  abbreviating  time, 
as  a.  m.  and  p.  m.  for  ante  meridiem  and  post 
meridiem.     It  is  best  to  spell  out  six  o'clock, 
etc.     A.  M.  means  master  of  arts  and  anno 
mundi.     P.  M.  means  postmaster.     If  time  is 
meant,  confusion  sometimes  arises.    De  Vinne 
uses  the  period,  and  says  the  colon  is  an  igno- 
rant substitution  in  this  sense:  2.30  p.  m.  and 
1.45  a.  m.,  not  2:30,  or  1:45.    See  De  Vinne 's 
Correct  Composition,  page  82. 

19.  Ages  of  Persons.    Spell  out  the  ages  of 
persons.     John  Jones  is  not  aged  twenty-one 
years.  He  is  twenty-one  years  of  age,  or  twenty- 
one  years  old — not  an  aged  person.    The  last 
use  of  aged  is  proper. 

20.  Books.     See  paragraphs  36,  52;  also  see 
division  twelve  under  paragraph  27. 

21.  Co.  and  Company.     Co.  should  be  set 
in  capitals   (CO.)   when  the  firm  name  is  in 
capitals.     The  name  JOHN  BROWN'S  Co.  is 
unsightly.    Unless  Co.  is  the  style  of  the  com- 


18  The   Magazine    Style-code 

pany,  or  incorporation,  spell  out  the  word.  In 
Go's  no  period  is  needed  after  the  o.  De 
Vinne's  Correct  Composition,  page  291. 

22.  Credits.     See  paragraph  52.    Credits  at 
the  end  of  matter  are  best  set  in  italic  lower- 
case, without  any  em  dash  to  connect  the  credit 
with  the  quotation.     See  De  Vinne's   Correct 
Composition,  page  150. 

23.  Dates.    When    the    numeral    precedes 
the  name  of  the  month  it  may  be  written  as 
the  28th  of  November,  but  when  the  numeral 
follows,  it  should  be  November  28.    In  2d,  3d, 
and  like  abbreviations,  there  is  no  need  of  n, 
as  in  2nd. 

Years.  Two  consecutive  years  should  be  run 
thus:  During  1897-98,  and  not  1897-8.  It  is 
proper  to  say  the  heroes  of  '49.  See  para- 
graph 24. 

24.  Figures.    Commas   are  not  needed  in 
four  figures,  as :  1897,  5798.    The  comma  should 
not  be  inserted  between  figures  expressive  of 
dates,  as  in  June,  1898. 

Numbers  of  infrequent  occurrence  should 
be  spelled  out  rather  than  put  in  roman 
numerals.  The  engine  weighed  five  thousand 
tons,  there  were  fifty-two  gallons  in  the  barrel, 
there  were  seventeen  thousand  men  in  the 
regiments.  See  paragraph  17. 


The   Magazine   Style-code  19 

25.  Hours.    Print  11.30  a.  m.,  and  not  11 :30 
ct.  m.     Use  the  period  rather  than  the  colon. 
See  paragraph  18. 

26.  Month,   etc.     Month,  inst.,   prox.,   and 
alt.,  often  abbreviated  in  letters,  are  improper 
in  all  first-class  work.     Spell  out  the  name  of 
the  month,  as  March  and  January,  not  Mar. 
and  Jan.    Spell  out  days  of  the  week. 


27. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


(1)  e.  g.  for  exempli  gratia,  i.  e.  for  id  est, 
q.  v.  for  quod  vide,  viz.  for  videlicet  or  to  wit, 
etc.  for  et  cetera,  are  barely  tolerated  in  good 
work  and  are  discarded  by  many  houses.     If 
authors  will  use  such  symbols  they  should  spell 
them  out.     Italic  is  not  needed  in  these  ex- 
amples. See  De  Yinne's  Correct  Composition, 
page  41. 

(2)  Dep't,  treas.,  sec.,   gov't,  and  similar 
abbreviations  are  not  permissible. 

(3)  Do    not    use     Xmas    and     Xtns    for 
Christmas  and  Christians. 

(4)  MS.  and  MSS.       MS.  for  manuscript 
and  MSS.  for  manuscripts.     There  should  be 
no  period  after  the  M. 

(5)  New  York.    Do  not  use  N.  Y.  when 
you  refer  to  New  York  City. 

(6)  Towns  and  Cities.    Do  not  abbreviate 


20  The   Magazine   Style-code 

the  names  of  towns  and  cities,  and  avoid  abbre- 
viation of  the  names  of  states,  except  when  they 
follow  town  and  city  names.  See  paragraph  29. 

(7)  Titles.     It   is   a   proper   and   decorous 
system  to  spell  out  doctor,  professor,  general, 
colonel,  captain,  major,  and  like  titles.     Good 
book  and  magazine  work  oppose  abbreviations 
of  such  titles.    Mr.,  Mrs.,  Jr.,  Sr.,  are  allowed 
as  here  written. 

(8)  To  wit  should  not  be  compounded. 

(9)  Spell    out    fort,    mount,    point,    port, 
saint,  etc.  in  every  use. 

(10)  Parentheses.      Inclose   the   names  of 
states  in  parentheses  when  used  in  the  follow- 
ing way:  The  Albany  (N.  Y.)  Law  School;  the 
Milpitas  (Cal.)  Gazette.    See  paragraph  29. 

(11)  Pet  Names.    Bill,    Bob,    Jim,    Tom, 
Joe,  etc.,  are  not  abbreviations,  a^nd  therefore 
they  need  no  period  after  the  last  letter. 

(12)  Quarto,     octavo,     twelvemo,     thirty- 
twomo,    etc.,    are    best,    but    4to,    8vo,    and 
twelvemo  may  be  used,  if  they  do  not  begin  a 
sentence. 

(13)  Streets.     The     numerical    names     of 
streets  should  be  spelled    out,    as    Fifteenth 
Street,  Twenty-second  Street. 

(14)  Time.     See  paragraph  18.     Spell  out 


The    Magazine    Style-code  21 

the  names  of  days  of  the  week,  as  well  as  names 
of  months. 

(15)  Titles.     If     John    Jones    has    many 
titles  following  his  name,  it  is  best  to  set  them 
in  small  capitals,  as :  M.  D.,  F.  E.  s.,  PH.  D.,  K.  c.  B. 
To  set  all  in  capitals  is  to  give  the  name  too 
little  prominence.     One  or  two  titles  may  be 
set  in  capitals,  but  when  there  are  three  or 
four,  use  small  capitals. 

(16)  Words.     Words     are     preferred     in 
legal  documents,   as:    Jean    must    appear  in 
court  on  the  tenth  of  August,  in  the  year  of 
our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  six. 

(17)  PS.    PS.     (for    postscript    or    post- 
scriptum)  without  a  period  or  space  between 
the    letters.      See    MS.,    number     (4),    para- 
graph 27. 

(18)  Commas  Essential.     Commas   are   es- 
sential in  certain  cases  where  they  are  often 
omitted.     Many  printers  seem  to  think  it  is 
treason  to  put  a  comma  before  and  in  a  series 
of  three  words,  and  the  Chicago  Proofreaders' 
Association  omits  commas  in  such  instances. 
The  system  is  slovenly,  however.     De  Vinne 
properly  expounds  the  rule.     On  page  253  of 
Correct  Composition  he  says:  "The  comma  is 
needed  when  the  simplicity  and  directness  of 
a  sentence  are  broken  by  the  addition  or  repe- 
tition of  nouns,  verbs,  adjectives,  or  adverbs 


22  The   Magazine   Style-code 

that  do  not  qualify  the  words  that  directly 
follow. ' '  He  cites  this  example :  * '  Ulysses  was 
wise,  eloquent,  cautious,  and  intrepid."  Note 
the  comma  after  cautious.  Use  the  comma 
without  hesitation  when  the  qualifying  words 
are  more  than  two  in  number ;  as,  the  bay  was 
calm,  beautiful,  and  clear  as  crystal.  The  comma 
is  sometimes  erroneously  omitted  before  the 
conjunction  in  such  cases  as:  Jean,  Lucinda 
and  Alice  have  departed.  There  is  no  person 
whose  name  is  Lucinda  and  Alice.  Again,  the 
impression  may  be  made,  by  the  omission  of 
the  comma,  that  Lucinda  and  Alice  went  to- 
gether, and  not  with  Jean. 

Another  point  to  be  remembered  is  that 
when  the  words  are  not  in  pairs,  the  comma 
must  be  used,  even  if  or  frequently  intervenes. 
Correct  Composition,  page  254.  When  the  words 
are  in  pairs,  connected  by  the  word  and,  or  dis- 
connected by  the  word  or,  the  comma  is  needed 
only  at  the  end  of  each  pair.  De  Vinne. 

28.  Names.     Never  abbreviate    Jas.,     Jos., 
Thos.,    Geo.,    Wm.,    Theo.,    Chas.,    and    other 
Christian  names.     The  decorous  system  is  to  • 
spell  the  names  in  full,  except  when  following 
exact  signatures  in  legal  documents  and  otb^r 
formal  matter. 

29.  Names  of  States.    Names  of  states  fol- 
lowing names  of  towns,  except  the  names  of 


The   Magazine    Style-code 


23 


Alaska,  Idaho,  Iowa,  Maine,  Ohio,  and  Utah, 
are  abbreviated  as  follows : 


Alabama    Ala. 

Arizona    Ariz. 

Arkansas    Ark. 

California    Cal. 

Colorado    Colo. 

Connecticut    . . .  Conn. 

Delaware  Del. 

Florida     Fla. 

Georgia  Ga. 

Illinois   111. 

Indiana    Ind. 

Indian  Territory,  I.  T. 

Kansas Kan. 

Kentucky  Ky. 

Louisiana    La. 

Maryland Md. 

Massachusetts .    Mass. 

Michigan   Mich. 

Minnesota Minn. 

Mississippi    ....  Miss. 

Missouri   Mo. 

Montana  .        . .  Mont. 


Nebraska    Neb. 

Nevada   Nev. 

New  Hampshire  N.  H. 
New  Jersey  . . . .  N.  J. 
New  Mexico  . . .  N.  M. 

New  York N.  Y. 

North  Carolina  .N.  C. 
North  Dakota  ..N.  D. 

Oklahoma   Okla. 

Oregon    Ore. 

Pennsylvania  ....  Pa. 
Rhode  Island  . . .  B.  I. 
South  Carolina.  .S.  C. 
South  Dakota  . .  S.  D. 

Tennessee   Tenn. 

Texas    Tex. 

Vermont    Vt. 

Washington    ..Wash. 

Virginia    Va. 

West  Virginia  W.  Va. 

Wisconsin    Wis. 

Wyoming    Wyo. 


30.  Brackets.  Teall  says  that  an  insertion 
not  merely  disconnected,  but  having  no  effect 
upon  the  meaning  of  the  context,  should  be 
inclosed  within  brackets.  Examples:  I  swear 
that  I  was  naturalized  [here  state  name]  in 


24  The   Magazine   Style-code 

Missouri.  My  son,  I  must  tell  you  all.  [Some 
private  details  are  here  blotted  out.  Editor.] 
You  must  keep  these  things  secret.  De  Vinne 
says:  "Parentheses  always  inclose  remarks  ap- 
parently made  by  the  writer  of  the  text. 
Brackets  inclose  remarks  certainly  made  by 
the  editor  or  reporter  of  that  text."  See  Cor- 
rect Composition,  page  279. 

31.  By-laws.    De  Vinne  says:  "By-laws  are 
frequently  printed  with  the  side-headings  Art. 
1  for  Article  1,  Sec.  2  for  Section  2,  etc.,  but  it 
is  better  practice  to  print  the  word  in  full  in 
the  paragraph  where  it  first  appears,  and  to 
omit  the  word  in  subsequent  paragraphs,  using 
the  proper  figure  only,  as  is  customary  in  verses 
of  the  Bible  and  in  hymn-books." 

32.  Can  not.     Can    not    is    preferred    to 
cannot,   though   there   is   authority   for  both 
forms.  Can  not  and  shall  not,  according  to  the 
usage  of  good  writers,  are  treated  as  shown. 

33.     CAPITAL  LETTERS  IN 

GENERAL. 

A 

Arbor  Day,  Decoration  Day,  Labor  Day,  Black 

Friday. 

Ascension  Day,  in  Bible  sense. 
Almighty  and  like  terms  in  lieu  of  God. 
arctic  ivory  and  all  similar  mercantile  uses  of 


The    Magazine    Style-cade  25 

such  words  as  arctic  in  that  sense.     Even 
titanic  and  herculean,  in  some  uses. 

Arctic  when  referring  to  that  region. 

algebra,  botany  and  all  sciences.    See  sciences. 

arabic  when  referring  to  letters  of  that  name 
or  to  merchandise. 

autumn  unless  the  word  is  personified.  Sea- 
sons are  not  capitalized.  See  seasons. 

association,  church,  companies,  political,  and 
similar  names  are  written  in  small  letters, 
thus:  trustee,  councilman,  supervisor,  con- 
gressman, director,  secretary,  president,  gov- 
ernor, superintendent,  etc.,  unless  the  title 
precedes  a  surname,  in  which  case  it  is  capi- 
talized as  a  title.  If  a  title  selected  may  be 
applied  to  two  or  more  persons  use  the  small 
letter,  not  the  capital.  Abbreviated  expres- 
sions take  the  capital  letter  as  an  initial,  as : 
the  Union,  the  Club,  the  Church,  the  Senate, 
the  Company,  the  Chamber,  the  State,  the 
Nation,  when  such  shortened  expressions  are 
clearly  used  in  place  of  the  full  name  of  the 
body  in  question.  The  Union,  if  you  mean 
of  states,  or  if  you  mean  a  certain  typo- 
graphical union. 

B 

Bank  Holiday,  because  this  is  its  proper  name 
as  much  as  Wednesday  is  the  name  of  a  day. 

Bible,  and  all  names  like  Scriptures,  Holy  Writ. 


26  The   Magazine   Style-code 

the  Board  of  Education,  meaning  a  special  one. 

a  board  of  education,  meaning  any  one. 

Bay  of  Naples. 

a  bay,  meaning  any  one. 

Baconian  philosophy,  because  with  direct  refer- 
ence to  Bacon;  but  herculean,  meaning 
strong,  platonic,  etc.,  unless  referring  directly 
to  Plato. 

Bills  are  capitalized,  as:  Pure  Food  Bill,  High- 
way Bill,  Labor  Bill,  Revenue  Bill. 

Buildings.  Capitalize  Chronicle  Building, 
White  House,  Pressmen's  Hall,  Linotype 
Building,  Carnegie  Free  Library  Block,  etc. 


Christmas  and  all  synonyms,  as  Yule-tide. 

city  of  New  York,  but  New  York  City,  its  offi- 
cial name. 

a  city  of  Kentucky,  or  any  city -of  a  class,  be- 
cause common  nouns. 

this   City,   meaning   San   Francisco   or   any 
other  place  clearly  meant. 

a  chief -justice. 

the  Chief -justice  of  Missouri. 

an  aged  justice,  or  a  former  chief-justice. 

castile  soap.     See  merchandise.    , 

china  goods,  china  silk,  etc.    See  merchandise. 

cisalpine,  transatlantic,  etc. 

county   of  Holt,  but  Holt  County,   its   exact 


The    Magazine    Style-code  27 

name.     See  counties, 
the  County,  meaning  one  in  particular;  in  lieu 

of  full  name, 
a  county — any  one. 

Counties:  Holt  County  is  the  name  of  the 
political  division  or  corporation,  and  when 
the  County  is  used  as  a  shorter  expression, 
it  is  clearly  a  synonym  for  the  full  name. 

the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  or  Congress, 

the  Legislature. 

the  Congressman,  meaning  a  special  one.  Sev- 
eral congressmen  and  senators  were  there. 
In  this  sense  the  nouns  are  common. 

Congressman  illustrates  De  Vinne's  rule  that 
a  title  not  a  synonym  for  a  specified  person 
(one  only)  should  not  begin  with  a  capital. 
See  Association. 

Centuries  take  a  lower-case  letter:  fifteenth 
century,  nineteenth,  twentieth,  etc.  This  is 
an  exception  to  the  rule  concerning  historical 
epochs,  but  custom  has  made  it  proper. 

a  club,  meaning  any. 

the  Club,  meaning  the  Century  Club. 

Columbia  College,  Stanford  University,  etc. 

the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  of  any 
particular  state  or  society. 

a  constitution,  meaning  any. 

the   Continent,  meaning  of  Europe,  or  when 


28  The    Magazine    Style-code 

used  as  a  substitute  for  the  full  name  of  any 
other  continent. 

coolie,  negro,  greaser,  gringo,  gipsy.    See  nick- 
names, which  are  never  capitalized. 


Decoration  Day,  like  all  historic  names.  See 
Historic  names. 

Deity,  God,  Father,  Son,  Holy  Ghost,  Jehovah, 
Holy  Spirit,  Saviour,  Creator,  Providence, 
Heaven,  when  used  for  God,  and  all  words 
that  refer  directly  to  Deity  as  a  name, 
heaven  and  hell  in  ordinary  use.  Heaven, 
meaning  God. 

devil  as   an  expletive. 

Devil,  if  John  Milton's  is  meant,  also  Satan, 
Beelzebub. 

Definite  Titles.  When  definite  titles  or  names 
are  shortened,  like  the  Senate,-*  the  Club,  etc., 
meaning  a  particular  senate  or  club,  use 
capitals.  Likewise  where  the  State  or  the 
Government  means  one  in  particular,  as  fol- 
lowing a  reference  to  California,  capitals 
should  be  used.  The  Union,  the  Nation,  etc., 
follow  the  same  rule. 


the  East,  meaning  an  undefined  geographical 
section. 


The   Magazine   Style-code  29 

an  east  wind  blew,  however,  meaning  mere  di- 
rection. 

the  Ex-president. 

an  ex-president,  ex-mayor,  ex-governor,  etc. 
When  capitalized,  the  first  letter  of  the  com- 
pound takes  the  capital,  as:  Ex-president 
Cleveland.  Many  good  writers  prefer  the  ex- 
pression former  president,  etc. 

Erie  Canal. 

the  earth.  Though  the  name  of  a  definite  planet, 
this  word  is  not  capitalized.  It  is  a  clear 
exception  to  the  rule.  The  sun  and  the  moon 
usually  go  in  lower-case. 

F 

Fast  Day. 

the  Flood  of  the  Bible. 

Fourth  of  July. 

Father,  meaning  God.    See  Deity. 

fall  of  the  year,  except  when  personified.    See 

seasons. 
Federal  Government,  meaning  the  Government 

of  the  United  States. 

G 

Golden  Rule,  the. 
Good  Friday. 

God  in  every  sense,  but  the  gods  of  fable.  See 
Deity. 


30  The   Magazine    Style-code 

the  General  when  referring  to  one  in  particular. 

See  official  titles. 
a  general,  any  one.    See  official  titles,  definite 

titles,  etc. 
grammar,    same    as    botany,    chemistry,    and 

other  sciences. 
Geographical  names  thus :  The  South  Side,  the 

East  Side,  the  West,  the  Northeast,   Back 

Bay,   Tenderloin     District,     Monterey  Bay, 

Missouri  River,  Goat  Island,  Gold  Mountain, 

Sherwood's  Pier,  Idora  Park,  Ross  Valley, 

Waverley  Place. 
Glacial,   Triassic,  etc.,  referring  to   geological 

uses, 
the   Gospels,   and   all  like   terms;   Scriptures, 

Holy  Writ,  the  Word, 
the  Governor,  when  in  lieu  of  his  name,   or 

meaning  one  in  particular, 
a   governor,  meaning   any   one".       See   official 

titles. 


Holy  Spirit,  but  see  Deity. 

Historic  names,  thus :  Civil  War,  Middle  Ages, 
Commencement  Day,  Lord's  Day,  Silurian 
Age,  Dark  Ages,  the  Deluge,  the  Victorian 
Era,  the  Renaissance. 

herculean,  meaning  full  of  strength,  and  unless 


The   Magazine    Style-code  31 

direct  reference  is  made  to  Hercules  and  his 


hell  and  heaven.    See  Deity. 

House  of  Commons. 

House  of  Lords. 

heathen. 

Hades   and  like   poetical  names   of   a   future 

abode. 
Holy  Writ. 

I 

india  ink,  used  as  merchandise. 

india  rubber.     Same  as  india  ink. 

italic  letters,  never  Italic. 

the  Island,  meaning  Long  Island,  or  any  one 

previously  named;  the  Islands,  meaning   a 

special  group  previously  named  or  suggested. 

The  various  islands  of  the  sea,  however,  but 

the  South  Sea  Islands. 

J 

Jesus  Christ. 
Jehovah.  See  Deity. 

K 

a  king,  but  the  King.  See  association.    Kaiser, 
Czar,  and  President  follow  this  rule. 

L 

Labor  Day.  See  historic  names. 
Lady  Day.     See  historic  names. 


32  The  Magazine   Style-code 

Lord,  Deity,  Jesus  Christ,  God,  etc. 

the  Levant. 

A  lord  and  a  lady,  but  the  Lord. 

M 

a  mayor,  president,  lord,  governor,  czar,  etc. 
See  association,  governor,  official  titles. 

the  Mayor,  King,  President,  Czar,  Governor, 
etc. 

morocco  goods.  See  merchandise. 

the  Manager.  See  official  titles. 

a  manager.  See  official  titles. 

Merchandise.  Arctic,  Tropics,  Levant,  Orient, 
and  all  geographical  names  used  as  proper 
nouns  go  up ;  but  nouns  used  to  specify  mer- 
chandise go  down,  as :  arctic  ivory,  india  ink, 
russia  leather,  morocco,  turkey  red,  port 
wine,  Chinese  blue.  "When  words  derived 
from  proper  nouns  have  thus  lost  the  direct 
connection  or  literal  sense  of  the  name  there 
is  no  need  of  capitals.  Consult  De  Vinne's 
Correct  Composition,  page  119. 

N 

Names.    White  House,     Gillis    Opera    House, 

Handel  Hall,  etc. 
New  Year 's. 
the  North,  meaning  an  undefined  geographical 

section, 
a  north  wind. 


The   Magazine    Style-code  33 

Northeast,  Northwest,  etc.,  follow  same  rule. 
Do  not  compound  such  words. 

Nicknames :  Creole,  negro,  mulatto,  gipsy,  quad- 
roon, greaser,  coolie,  peon,  and  like  nick- 
names do  not  begin  with  a  capital.  See  De 
Vinne. 

Nation,  when  in  lieu  of  the  United  States  or  of 
any  other  particular  government.  See  state, 
etc. 

a  nation  of  workers,  however. 

nature  ordinarily,  except  when  in  lieu  of  God. 
See  Deity. 

negro.     See  nicknames. 

Nature  when  used  for  God.  See  Deity. 


oriental  silk.    See  merchandise. 

the  Orient. 

the  Occident. 

Official  titles:  Mayor,  judge,  justice,  king, 
governor,  and  the  like  follow  one  rule,  as  do 
the  terms  treasurer,  secretary  of  state,  etc. 
If  they  precede  the  name  of  one  person  (not 
of  two  or  more)  they  take  the  capital  initial. 
If  they  follow  a  name  or  are  preceded  by  the 
indefinite  article  a,  they  need  no  capital. 
The  name  of  the  office  is  never  written  with  a 
capital  in  this  sense :  He  ran  for  the  office  of 
justice  of  the  peace,  president,  governor, 


34  The   Magazine   Style-code 

mayor,  etc.     See  association. 


a  president.     See  official  titles. 

the  President,  Czar,  King,  Governor,  Mayor, 
etc.  See  official  titles  and  association. 

Prussian  blue.    See  merchandise. 

purgatory. 

paradise,  except  the  Paradise  of  John  Milton. 

Parliament.  Same  as  Congress.    See  association. 

platonic  follows  herculean  and  Baconian.  If 
meaning  direct  reference  to  Plato  or  his  sys- 
tem, capitalize;  if  meaning  merely  philo- 
sophical, write  platonic.  See  herculean. 

Political  parties:  Antis,  Nationalist,  Populist, 
Radical,  Tory,  Democrat,  Prohibitionist. 
Adjectives  of  the  same,  same  rule. 

Personification:  Anything  may  be  personified, 
and  all  personified  words  should  be  capital- 
ized, as:  The  spirit  of  Fire;  the  voice  of 
Crime ;  the  call  of  Duty ;  the  ghost  of  Want. 

Pronouns  standing  for  Deity  go  thus :  his  wis- 
dom; him  we  fear;  thou  God;  thy  Word; 
thee  we  adore.  This  is  Biblical  use.  Capital- 
izing was  an  error  of  hymn-books  of  the 
long  ago. 

Q 

Queen.  See  king,  president,  governor,  official 
titles,  etc. 


The    Magazine    Style-cock  35 

R 

russia  leather.    See  merchandise. 

Religious  denominations:  Catholics,  Protes- 
tants, Jews,  Mohammedans — but  pagan  and 
heathen,  for  these  terms  are  too  indefinite  to 
take  the  capital. 

Republican.    See  political  parties. 

rhetoric.     See  sciences. 

S 

Saviour  is  the  approved  spelling  when  refer- 
ring to  Jesus  Christ. 

a  senate. 

the  Senate  of  Illinois. 

the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Vice,  and 
like  names. 

a  society  for  prevention  of  vice. 

the  Southern  Railroad. 

a  southern  railroad. 

a  state  of  the  United  States. 

the  State,  meaning  California;  but  the  state 
of  California.  See  states. 

the  South,  an  undefined  geographical  location. 

the  Southeast.     Same  as  South. 

a  south  wind. 

States :  The  state  of  New  York,  the  empire  of 
Germany;  but  New  York  State,  the  German 
Empire,  because  the  official  names.  The 
Southern  States,  the  Northern  States,  but 


36  The   Magazine   Style-code 

the  states  and  territories  of  the  United 
States. 

Sciences:  All  references  to  algebra,  botany, 
geometry,  chemistry,  and  like  names  of 
science  are  written  without  the  capital  initial. 

Streets:  First  Street,  Sixty-first  Avenue,  etc. 

Second  Corps. 

Seasons:  The  seasons  are  not  capitalized,  un- 
less in  personification. 

spring   is   here. 

summer  has  departed. 

the  Scriptures.     See  Bible  and  Gospels. 


the  preceding  the  name  of  a  newspaper  or 
magazine  is  not  capitalized:  the  Herald,  the 
Century,  but  in  books  it  goes  in  capital  ini- 
tial; as,  "The  Life  of  Emerson." 

the  Tropics. 

tropical  plants,  tropical  weather,  etc. 

turkey  red.    See  merchandise. 

Titles:  It  is  as  proper  to  say  Scavenger  Smith 
or  Barber  Brown  as  to  say  Judge  Jones  and 
President  Roosevelt.  All  such  titles  as  di- 
rector, manager,  weigher,  inspector,  and  like 
names  follow  the  general  rule.  See  associa- 
tion and  official  titles. 

a  township.     See  county,  association,  etc. 

transatlantic,  transpacific,  transmissouri. 


The   Magazine    Style-code  37 

u 

universe. 

the   Union,    meaning   the   United   States;   the 
Nation,  Republic,  Federal  Government,  etc. 
the  Union,  meaning  one  organization  in  par- 
ticular,   or   when   used   in  lieu   of   the   full 
name.    See  definite  titles. 

W 

Whitsunday. 
Whitsuntide, 
the  West,  meaning  an  undefined  geographical 

section. 
a  west  wind, 
a  ward  meeting, 
the  Sixth  Ward  politicians, 
the  wards  of  the  city, 
winter.    See  seasons. 

Y 

Your  Grace. 
Your  Honor. 
Your  Majesty. 
Your  Reverence. 
Your  Royal  Highness. 
Yule-tide.   See   Christmas. 

Z 

zoology.    See  sciences, 
the  zodiac, 
the  zenith. 
Zeus,  the  Greek  god. 


38  The    Magazine    Style-code 


34.  mnstrations  of  the  Code.  The  follow- 
ing sentences  illustrate  the  roles  herein  ex- 
pounded. See  section  49: 

Saloon-keepers  of  the  Reservation  are  in 
session  at  the  Log  Cabin  Saloon  in  this  City, 
and  Government  officials  of  Federal  and  State 
power  will  be  asked  to  do  nothing  until  the 
Supreme  Court  passes  on  the  decisions  of  other 
courts.  If  no  satisfaction  is  obtained,  the  State 
will  be  asked  to  refund  sums  expended  in  the 
two  KMMBMI  Citys — K*Tnum  City,  Mo.,  and 
Kansas  City,  Kan.  Notice  that  the  two  Kansas 
cities  would  convey  the  idea  of  two  cities  in 
Kan«*g  and  the  two  Kansas  Cities  would  not 
be  an  improvement. 

A  NIGHT  OF  HORRORS. 

It  was  Labor  Day,  but  there  was  a  cele- 
bration equal  to  that  of  the  Fourth  of  July. 
No  pagan  holiday  ever  surpassed  some  of  the 
heathenish  performances  there  enacted.  Ac- 
cording to  the  New  York  Herald  Ex-president 
Cleveland  was  there,  accompanied  by  Colonel 
Hay,  secretary  of  state.  The  President  of  the 
United  States  was  there,  and  various  ex-presi- 
dents' memories  were  honored.  There  were 
senators,  assemblymen,  judges  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  and  judges  from 
other  supreme  courts  in  the  throng — but  not 


The   Magazine   Style-code  39 

one  from  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  state  of 
Georgia,  or  from  New  York  State.  David 
Bennett  Hill  wore  an  arctic  coat  from  the 
Arctic.  During  the  evening  a  German  sang, 
and  a  gipsy  danced  a  jig.  The  Orient,  the 
Arctic,  the  Tropics,  and  the  Levant  contri- 
buted to  the  decorations.  The  dances  were  on 
a  brussels  carpet  direct  from  Brussels,  accord- 
ing to  the  word  of  two  doctors  of  divinity  who 
sat  near  six  masters  of  art.  The  titled  gentle- 
men laughed  until  they  shook  down  a  bowl  of 
paris  green,  and  a  shelf  containing  chinaware. 
The  Government  (or  Nation  or  Union,  meaning 
the  United  States)  was  honored  by  Alexis, 
grand  duke  and  envoy  extraordinary,  who  pre- 
sented every  senator  and  every  judge  a  mo- 
rocco badge — two  badges  to  the  Chief  Justice 
of  the  highest  court.  A  governor  took  um- 
brage, but  the  Governor  of  California  took  na- 
tive claret;  and  as  he  sipped  it  an  old  greaser 
with  a  nose  of  turkey-red  color,  who  looked 
like  a  ward  politician  from  the  Fourth  Ward  of 
San  Francisco,  disgraced  the  South.  Later  a 
breeze  sprang  from  the  east  side  of  the  Bay  of 
Fundy  and  cooled  off  the  representative  of  the 
empire  of  Germany  greatly  to  the  relief  of 
the  German  Empire  itself.  Every  man  pres- 
ent hunted  for  his  bowie-knife,  except  a 
Methodist  member  of  the  Salvation  Army,  who 


40  The   Magazine    Style-code 

quoted  the  Gospels,  speaking  often  of  God  and 
his  Word,  the  Holy  Writ.  The  Middle  Ages 
would  have  been  disgraced  if  such  italic  head- 
lines as  our  papers  contained  had  ever  dis- 
turbed their  quiet  life.  It  was  a  wonderful 
demonstration,  even  for  a  night  of  the  nine- 
teenth century.  Let  us  hope  that  foot-,  side-, 
and  end-notes  in  small  volumes  of  history  may 
tell  the  story  to  coming  generations. — Maritime 
World  Code,  January,  1899. 

35.  Chemical  Terms.    In     many     chemical 
terms  the  final  e  is  dropped,  as:  Oxid,  chlorid, 
quinin,  chlorin,  fibrin. 

CITATIONS  IN  GENERAL. 

36.  Books.    See  paragraphs  22,  27,  52.  Here 
is  a  standard  form:    Macaulay's  2  History,  iv, 
14.    This  means  the  second  volume  of  the  work, 
the  fourth  chapter,  the  fourteenth  page.    The 
iv  should  be  set  in  lower-case. 

Law  Books.  In  citing  law  books  abbreviate 
as  follows:  Briggs  vs.  Ewart,  51  Ala.,  576; 
78  Fed.  Rep.,  398,  etc. 

37.  Paragraphs.    Paragraphs,  pages,  verses, 
and  sections  of  books  are  marked  in  arabic, 
but  cantos  of  poetry  should  be  set  in  lower- 
case roman. 

38.  Pages.    Pages  145,  168,  172,  and  never 


The   Magazine    Style-code 


41 


p  145  or  pp  145,  168,  172.     Spell  out  all  such 
references. 

39.  Publications.     In  citing  such  publica- 
tions as  periodicals  and  newspapers  it  is  not 
necessary  to  use  a  capital  for  the  in  the  New 
York  Herald.     In  The  Life  of  Christ  or  the 
title  of  any  other  book  capitalize  The.  See  para- 
graph 52. 

40.  Scriptural  Citations.    Unless  many  ci- 
tations are  made  it  is  best  to  spell  out  the 
names  of  books  of  Scripture,   but  when  the 
references  are  numerous  they  should  be  as  fol- 
lows: 

Old    Testament. 


Gen.  xi,   17 

1  Kings             Eccles. 

Amos 

Ex. 

2  Kings             Cant,   or 

Obad. 

Lev. 

1  Chron.               Song  o: 

f  Sol.    Jonah 

Num. 

2  Chron.            Isa. 

Mic. 

Deut. 

Ezra                   Jer. 

Nahum 

Joshua 

Neh.                    Lam. 

Hab. 

Judges 

Esther               Ezek. 

Zeph. 

Ruth 

Job                      Dan. 

Hag. 

1  Sam. 

Ps.                       Hos. 

Zech. 

2  Sam. 

Prov.                  Joel 

Mai. 

New  Testament. 

Matt. 

1  Cor.                 2  Thess. 

1  Pet. 

Mark 

2  Cor.                 1  Tim. 

2  Pet. 

Gal.                      2  Tim. 

1  John 

Luke 

Eph.                    Titus 

2  John 

John 

Phil.                   Philem. 

3  John 

Acts 

Col.                     Heb. 

Jude 

Rom. 

1  Thess.            Jas. 

Rev. 

The   Apocrypha. 

1  Esdras 

Wisd.  of  Sol. 

Susanna 

2  Esdras 

Ecclus. 

Bel  and  Dragon 

Tobit 

Baruch 

Pr.  of  Manasses 

Judith 

Song  of  Three 

1  Mace. 

Rest  of  Esth. 

Childr. 

2  Mace. 

42  The   Magazine   Style-code 

Scriptural  Citations.  Scriptural  citations 
of  chapter  and  verse  should  be  thus:  Chapter 
in  lower-case  roman  numerals,  and  verse  in 
figures,  as :  Acts  vii,  16. 

41.  Compounds.     See   also  paragraphs   10 
and  27.     As  stated  in  the  introduction,  the 
Standard  Dictionary  seems  to  be  the  only  one 
that  gives  the  compounding  of  words.    By  its 
system  both  solidified  and  hyphenated  words  of 
the  compound  type  are  shown.    Teall's  book  on 
this  subject  is  really  a  codification  of  the  com- 
pounds appearing  in  the  Standard  Dictionary. 
Since  Teall's  list  was  made  there  have  been 
some  changes  in  the  system  preferred  by  good 
writers.    Every  change  has  been  in  the  direc- 
tion of  solidifying.    Teall  gives  bookkeeper  as 
one   word,   but   make   proof-reader  two.     He 
makes  postmaster  one  word,  post-office  a  com- 
pound.    The   Chicago   Proofreaders'   Associa- 
tion is  more  consistent  in  such  cases,  printing 
all  words  of  this  type  in  the  solidified  form. 

The  following  list  is  believed  to  be  more 
consistent  than  the  Standard-Teall  handling  of 
the  same  words,  and  is  therefore  preferred: 

42.  Some  Examples,      (a)     Words   denot- 
ing an  occupation  or  calling,  as  baggagemaster, 
bagmaker,    watchmaker,    proofreader,    brick- 
layer. 

(b)     Words  denoting  a  connecting  use,  as 


The   Magazine   Style-code  43 

barnyard,  crosshead,  carwheel,  footboard,  gas- 
pipe. 

(c)  Words  denoting  a  state  of  being,  as 
motherhood,  fatherhood,  widowhood. 

(d)  Words  that  are  pronounced     as     one 
word  and  usually  printed  as  such,  as  claptrap, 
cracker  jack,  daredevil,  haphazard. 

43.  Approved  Consolidations.    Words  like 
steamboat,  railroad,    fishline,    firearms,    pine- 
apple,   catfish,    bluebird,    blackboard,   quarter- 
master are  best  as  here  printed.     It  is  proper 
to    consolidate    all   words    denoting    a   species, 
kind  or  class  of  birds,  animals  or  plants,   as 
kingfisher,    meadowlark,    bulldog,    bloodhound, 
wildcat,  goldenseal. 

(a)  Anybody,    anything,    anywhere,    ever- 
more,  everybody,  everything,   everywhere,  for- 
evermore,  somewhere,  nobody,    something,    no- 
where, nothing,  afterpiece,  crossexamine,  cross- 
question,    countermarch,   antislavery,   antedate, 
schoolboy,      schoolmate,      schoolmistress,      but 
school    teacher,    school    children    and    school 
teaching. 

(b)  Other      approved      solidifications      are 
words    denoting     tools,     materials,  and   imple- 
ments,   as:      Strawboard,   halftone,    guidebook, 
screwdriver,  rosewater,  typewriter,  handbook. 

44.  Compounds  and  Solids.    The  following 


44 


The    Magazine    Style-Code 


list  of  compound  words  should  be  used 
with  hyphens  or  in  the  solidified  form,  as  in- 
dicated : 


afterthought 

bondholder 

cowboy 

after-years 

bookbindery 

crackerjack 

agateware 

bookkeeper-ing 

Crosshatch 

aide-de-camp 

bookmaker 

crosshead 

air-brake 

bookmaking 

crosspiece 

air-castle 

bookman 

cutthroat 

air-cushion 

bookmark 

daredevil 

air-faucet 

bookroom 

darkroom 

air-filter 

bookstore 

daybook 

air-dried 

brakebeam 

deathbed 

alarm-clock 

brakeshoe 

deerhound 

alcohol-engine 

brassfounder 

dewdrop 

ale-bench 

brickyard 

dockyard 

ale-brewer 

brownstone 

doorkeeper 

ale-drinker. 

bulldog 

doormat 

ale-drinking 

bullseye 

downpour 

alepot 

cakewalk 

drawbar 

alevat 

candlelight 

dreamland 

alleyway 

cardboard 

drugstore 

apple-moth 

carwheel 

drumfish 

apple-seed 

casehardened 

dugout 

apple-peel 

cashbook 

dustproof 

alehouse 

catbird 

dyewood 

almshouse 

catchline 

earmark 

anglebar 

catchword 

eggcase 

angleworm 

catfish 

electroplate 

antechamber 
baggagemaster 

churchyard 
clambake 

eyebolt 
eyepiece 

bakeshop 

claptrap 

facewise 

ballroom 

clingstone 

facsimile 

barn-yard 

clockmaker 

fairyland 

bartender 

clockwork 

farmhouse 

baseball 

clubhouse 

farmyard 

bath-house 

clubroom 

feedlot 

bathroom 

coalhod 

fencerow 

bearskin 

coalmine 

fieldbook 

bedchamber 

coalyard 

filmholder 

billboard 

coonskin 

firearm 

billposter 

copperplate 

firefly 

birdhouse 

cornerstone 

fireplace 

birdseye 

cornfield 

fireproof 

blackboard 

cornmeal 

fishplate 

blackmail 

cornstalk 

fishoil 

blacktail 

cottontail 

flagship 

blockhouse 

cottonwood 

flagstaff 

bloodroot 

countershaft 

flintlock 

bluebird 

countersunk 

flourmill 

bluefish 

countinghouse 

flywheel 

bluestone 

countingroom 

foodstuffs 

bluewing 

courthouse 

football 

bobtail 

courtyard 

footboard 

boilermaker 

cowbell 

footbridge 

The   Magazine    Style-code 


45 


foothills 

kennelman 

prorate 

footnote 

keyboard 

racecourse 

footplate 

knifebar 

racehorse 

footrace 

ladylike 

racetrack 

footsore 

lambskin 

rainfall 

footstool 

landholder 

rainstorm 

fourfold,  etc. 

landowner 

rattletrap 

fourscore   (80) 

lawbreaker 

redbird 

foxhound 

lawmaker 

ricebird 

foxskin 

lawsuit 

redhead 

Freemason 

lifelong- 

redwing 

freestone 

lifetime 

reedbird 

gagewheel 

lighthouse 

roadbed 

gamebag 

lockout 

rollermaker 

gamedealer 

loophole 

ropewalk 

gamekeeper 

manhole 

rosewater 

gaspipe 

mantelpiece 

roundhouse 

gatepost 

meadowlark 

rowboat 

glassblower 

milestone 

runway 

glassworks 

milldam 

sagebrush 

goldenrod 

millpond 

sagehen 

goldenseal 

millstone 

sailboat 

goldmine 

mockingbird 

saloonkeeper 

grandam 

moldboard 

salthouse 

granddaughter 

mopboard 

sandbar 

greenhouse 

mouthpiece 

sandhill 

greenstone 

mudhen 

standstone 

gristmill 

multicolor 

sawmill 

guidebook 

multiphase 

scalebeam 

gunmaker 

nailhole 

scattergun 

hailstorm 

newsdealer 

schoolbook 

hairbreadth 

notebook 

schoolboy 

halftone 

nowadays 

schooldame 

handbook 

oatmeal 

schoolfellow 

handcar 

Oddfellowship 

schoolgirl 

handrail 

officeholder 

schoolhouse 

haphazard 

officeseeker 

schoolmaster 

harbormaster 

oilcloth 

schoolmate 

hardtack 

onlooker 

schoolmistress 

headband 

outbuilding 

schoolroom 

headboard 

outdoor    (a.) 

scorecard 

hilltop 

outhouse 

scrapbook 

homemade 

oxgail 

screwdriver 

horsecar 

packhorse 

seagirt 

horseshoe 

packmule 

sealskin 

hothouse 

payroll 

seashore 

indoor 

pinkroot 

sedgefield 

inkmaker 

plateholder 

sheepdog 

inkmaking- 

platemaker 

sheepskin 

ironclad 

pocketbook 

sheetwise 

ironfounder 

pokeroot 

snipbuilding 

ironware 

poolroom 

shipchandler 

jackscrew 

portemonnaie 

shotgun 

jacksnipe 

postoffice 

showcase 

jellyfish 

postmaster 

sidenote 

jobroom 

pressroom 

signboard 

junkshop 

proof  reader-ing- 

skylark 

keelboat 

proofroom 

slavepen 

46 


The   Magazine   Style-code 


slldemaker 

slugcasting 

smokestack 

snowdrift 

snowflake 

snowstorm 

spaceband 

spacebar 

sprigtail 

staghound 

standpoint 

statehouse 

staybolt 

stockholder 

stockhouse 

stockyard 

stonecutter 

stonedresser 

storehouse 

storeroom 

storekeeper 

strawboard 

subhead 

sunburned 

switchboard 

tablecloth 


tablespoonful 

tailpiece 

tapeworm 

taxpayer 

teaspoon 

telltale 

textbook 

thoroughbred 

threefold 

thumbscrew 

thunderstorm 

tjdewater 

tieplate 

tinware 

tiptoe 

to-day 

to-morrow 

trademark 

transshipment 

triphase 

turnout 

turnover 

twofold,  etc. 

twoscore  (40,  etc. 

typefounder 

typefoundry 


typemaking 
voltmeter 
walkover 
warehouse 
washstand 
wastepipe 
watchcase 
watercourse 
watermark 
watershed 
waterworks 
waterproof 
wayfaring 
weakfish 
weekday 
wellwisher 
whitefish 
windrow 
windstorm 
wirehaired 
wolfskin 
woodyard 
workaday 
workbag 
)  workday 
workingman 
yellowlegs 


45.  Interrupted  Compounds.  Benjamin 
Drew  says,  in  Pens  and  Types:  When  two 
words  connected  by  a  conjunction  are  severally 
compound  parts  of  a  following  word,  the 
hyphen  is  omitted,  as : 

We  use  cast  and  wrought  iron  pillars. 
I  have  pruned  my  peach  and  apple  trees. 

Some  authors  follow  the  German  style,  in- 
serting the  hyphens,  thus : 

We  use  cast-  and  wrought-iron  pillars. 
I  have  pruned  my  peach-  and  apple-trees. 

The  style  in  the  last  example  is  known  as  the 
interrupted  compound.  It  is  gaining  ground 
rapidly  in  the  best  printing-houses,  and  is  recom- 


The   Magazine   Style-code  47 

mended  by  De  Vinne,  who  uses  it  in  his  books. 
Here  are  some  examples:  Foot-,  top-,  and  side- 
notes;  quarter-,  eighth-,  and  half -kegs;  base- 
and  foot-ball,  foot-  or  side-note.  This  is  good 
usage.  See  the  Century  magazine  for  examples, 
or  see  any  books  published  by  the  Century 
Company.  There  seems  to  be  no  other 
way  to  .signify  that  both  words  in  such  ex- 
amples are  compounds. 

46.  No  Fixed  Rules.  There  are  no  hard 
and  fast  rules  regarding  compounds.  It  is, 
in  fact,  almost  impossible  to  hold  to  a  uniform, 
consistent  style.  Here  are  some  of  De  Vinne 's 
compoundings : 

(a)  Subject-matter,  lower-case,  making-up, 
memorandum-book,  proof-reader,  fault-finding, 
type-setting,  style-card,  letter-writing,  print- 
ing-house, quote-marks,  quotation-marks, 
piece-compositors,  five-to-em  body,  book-mak- 
ing, book-work,  pre-historic,  pre-raphaelite, 
ill-bred,  well-formed,  good-looking,  composing- 
room,  dining-table,  canal-boat,  ferry-house, 
dwelling-house  [See  list  on  page  74  of  De 
Vinne 's  Composition],  over-wide,  spelled-out, 
title-page,  table-work,  old-style,  bold-faced, 
hymn-book,  to-morrow,  to-day,  head-lines, 
type-writing,  catch-lines,  hair-space,  thin- 
space,  type-founders,  side-heading,  type-set- 
ting, foot-note,  letter-writer,  side-notes,  six- 


48  The   Magazine   Style-code 

point,  cut-in  note,  center-note,  shoulder-note, 
three-em  indention,  wide-leaded,  double- 
leaded,  every-day  world.  Note  that  they  do 
not  agree  with  the  Chicago  Proofreaders'  As- 
sociation list. 

(b)  The  following  are  approved  forms: 
Fine-tooth  saw,  six-bit  machine,  six-foot  pole, 
two-year-old  horse,  but  six-months-old  baby. 
Bluewing,  whitefish,  bricklayer,  gaspipe,  foot- 
board, motherhood,  widowhood. 

47.  Specials.  The  following  list  is  for  use 
in  trade-journals:  Hop  vine,  hopyard,  hop- 
picker,  labor-union,  labor-saving,  liquordealer, 
liquorseller,  liquor-saloon,  liquor-store,  liquor- 
bottle,  wine-merchant,  wineroom,  winedealer, 
wine-taster,  wine-press,  wine-party,  wine-vault, 
wine-vinegar,  wineglass,  wineglassful,  wine- 
stone,  vine-disease,  trade-union,  trade-mark, 
trade- journal,  trade-name,  trade-wind,  street- 
car, street-railroad,  street-sweeper,  street- 
sprinkler,  street-walker,  pastepot,  paperknife, 
papercutter,  saloonmen,  saloonkeeper,  bar- 
keeper, barkeep,  wood-alcohol. 

(a)  Many  words  that  might  be  solidified, 
under  the  rules  of  logic,  are  set  with  hyphens 
because  they  present  an  unsightly  appearance 
as  one  word.  These  things  are  largely  matters 
of  fancy. 


The    Magazine    Style-code  49 

(b)  There  are  some  such  expressions  as, 
Italian  and  Chinese  American  citizens,  which 
are  very  puzzling.  The  question  arises  whether 
hyphens  should  be  used  in  such  expressions, 
and  how.  Such  sentences  are  sometimes  erron- 
eously written  with  one  hyphen,  as,  Italian  and 
Chinese-American  citizens.  The  sentence  is 
proper  enough  as  first  written,  but  a  somewhat 
more  discriminating  use  would  be,  Italian-  and 
Chinese- American  citizens.  In  expressions  like 
these  the  interrupted  compounds  are  properly 
written  with  hyphens.  See  paragraph  45. 

48.  Dashes.    Avoid  dashes  in  side-headings, 
as  in  this  Style-code.  They  are  not  needed  at 
the  end  of  a  quotation,  between  it  and  the 
credit.     See  paragraph  22. 

Also  see  De  Vinne 's  Correct  Composition, 
page  273. 

49.  De  Vinne  Rules  Violated.    Though  the 
Century  Company,  the  Century  Magazine,  and 
editors  high   in   authority   follow   the   simple 
rules  laid  down  by  De  Vinne,  there  are  many 
violations  of  these  rules  in  the  Century  itself, 
as   well   as   in   its  publications.       Sometimes 
names  of  newspapers  are  quoted,   and  some- 
times they  are  set  in  italic.     The  system  of 
capitals  is  not  closely  followed.    In  a  letter  to 
the  editor  of  this  work,  Mr.  De  Vinne  thus  ex- 
plained the  failure  of  the  publications  of  the 


50  The   Magazine    Style-code 

Century  Company  to  show  uniformity:  "The 
Century  Company  has  many  editors,  and  each 
editor  has  notions  of  his  own  that  printers  are 
directed  to  follow.  Though  most  of  these  edit- 
ors abide  by  the  rules  expounded  by  me  in  my 
works  on  typography,  a  study  of  some  of  our 
books  shows  that  the  neglect  to  capitalize  Bay, 
City,  Island,  etc.,  when  the  word  refers  dis- 
tinctly to  a  proper  name,  is  a  common  error — 
so  common  that  the  proofreaders  find  it  a 
waste  of  time  to  suggest  to  editors  and  authors 
the  need  of  a  capital.  Yet  I  hold  stoutly  to  the 
correctness  of  the  capital.  Even  careful  edi- 
tors are  often  overruled  by  authors.  The  Cen- 
tury printing-house  can  not  be  held  respon- 
sible, with  justice,  for  some  of  the  eccentrici- 
ties of  our  printing.  It  should  be  borne  in 
mind  that  a  printer's  business  is  to  do  what 
he  is  told." 

50.  Division  of  Words.  De  Vinne  says  the 
system  most  approved  now  authorizes  the  di- 
vision of  a  word,  when  consistent  with  pro- 
nunciation, on  the  vowel  at  the  end  of  the  syl- 
lable. The  system  is  defective  in  its  inability  to 
make  provision  for  the  syllables  that  end  with 
consonants.  Divisions  of  all  kinds  should  be 
prevented  as  often  as  possible.  The  Chicago 
Proofreaders'  Association  offers  the  following 


The    Magazine   Style-code  51 

rules  concerning  divisions.  The  reprint  'follows 
copy'  as  published  by  the  Association: 

The  proper  division  of  words  is  an  important 
matter.  An  improper  division  is  as  much  an 
error  as  a  misplaced  letter,  and  is  oftentimes 
more  misleading. 

Follow  the  American  rule  of  dividing  words 
at  the  end  of  the  line  according  to  pronuncia- 
tion rather  than  the  British  rule  of  dividing  on 
the  vowel  or  to  show  derivation.  The  diction- 
ary in  use  in  any  particular  office  should  be 
followed,  unless  otherwise  directed. 

Where  a  vowel  constitutes  a  syllable  in  the 
middle  of  a  word,  place  this  vowel  in  the  first 
line,  as  promi-nent  is  preferable  to  prom-inent, 
quali-ties  to  qual-ities,  particu-lar  to  partic- 
ular, dili-gence  to  dil-igence,  sepa-rate  to  sep- 
arate, etc.  Exceptions:  In  words  ending  in 
-able  or  -ible,  the  single  vowel  should  be  car- 
ried into  the  second  line. 

There  are  frequent  instances  where  a  particu- 
lar division  of  a  word  will  aid  the  reader  in 
its  pronunciation  at  first  sight,  obviating  a 
faltering  or  repetition,  as  pro-gress,  verb,  and 
prog-ress,  noun;  distrib-ute,  verb,  and  distri- 
bution, noun;  pre-fer,  verb,  and  pref-erable, 
adjective. 

Never  divide  a  word  pronounced  as  one  syl- 


52  The    Magazine    Style-code 

lable,  as  "changed,"  " drowned,"  "dipped," 
etc. 

Avoid  all  two-letter  divisions  except  in  very 
narrow  measures  or  where  very  large  types  are 
used. 

Avoid  having  three  or  more  successive  divi- 
sions at  the  ends  of  lines. 

Divide  En-gland  and  En-glish  as  pronounced 
and  as  they  are  here  printed. 

The  addition  of  s  to  form  the  plural  of  a 
word — as  horses,  fences,  etc. — does  not  justify 
a  division  on  the  last  portion  so  formed,  as,  cir- 
cumstan-ces,  etc.  Avoid  all  such  divisions. 

51.     EDITORIAL  OBSERVATIONS 

(1)  Employee   is   a   good    English    word. 
Avoid  employe  whenever  possible  to  do  so. 

(2)  Headquarters  is  usually  plural,  some- 
times singular. 

(3)  Last   held    meeting.     Held    is    useless. 
Newcomer  and  Teall  oppose  such  expressions. 

(4)  Etc.     It  is  a  common  error  to  write 
etc.,  etc.    Once  is  enough. 

(5)  Et  al.    The  use  of  et  als  is  an  error.  It  is 
always  et  al. 

(6)  Follows,  as  follows.    As  follows  is  al- 
ways the  form,  because  it  is  impersonal.  As 
follow  is  not  needed  where  the  nominative  is 


The   Magazine   Style-code  53 

plural.  This  is  on  the  authority  of  the  Oxford 
Dictionary,  also  of  Doctor  Fernald  of  the  Stand- 
ard. 

(7)  Plurals.     These  are  preferred  plurals: 
Cannon,     craft    for    vessels,    heathen,     fowl, 
cherubs,  indexes,  seraphs,  beaus.     In  scientific 
writings  it  may  be  seraphim,  formulae  instead 
of  formulas,  beaux,  etc. 

(8)  Spoonfuls  and  handfuls     rather    than 
spoonsfull  and  handsfull. 

(9)  The  following  named  persons.     Omit 
named.     Newcomer  and  Teall  say  named  is 
useless. 

(10)  Some  preferences.    Use  controller,  not 
comptroller;  draft,  not  draught;  drouth,  not 
drought;   program,   not   programme;    dulness, 
not  dullness;  fulness,  not  fullness;  skilful,  not 
skillful;  wilful,  not  willful;  bazar,  not  bazaar; 
employee,  not  employe. 

(11)  On  yesterday,  on  Sunday.    On  is  usu- 
ally   superfluous,    except    in    some    sentences, 
where  euphony  or  emphasis  may  make  the  on 
seem  an  element  of  strength. 

(12)  Welsh  rarebit.     Welsh  rabbit  is  the 
correct  expression.     The  use  of  rarebit  in  this 
connection    is    from   ignorance    long    current. 
See  Walsh's  Handbook  of  Literary  Curiosities, 
Greenough  &  Kittredge  's  Words  and  Their  Ways 


54  The   Magazine    Style-code 

in  English  Speech,  and  the  late   editions  of 
standard  dictionaries. 

(13)  Self-confessed.    Omit  self  in  such  ex- 
pressions as  self-confessed  murderer,  etc.  Con- 
fessed  conveys  the   idea  without   any  assist- 
ance from  self. 

(14)  er  words.     Spell  theater,  center,  and 
like  words  er,  never  ending  re. 

52.  Books,  papers,  plays,  operas,  and  period- 
icals should  be  cited  in  italic,  as :  Bowie 's  Tent- 
ing On  Coral  Strands,  the  Sun,  Lucia,  Mascot, 
the  Century.  De  Vinne  notices  an  irregularity  in 
the  style  of  setting  credits.    However,  bibliog- 
raphers prefer  italic ;  but  printers  (on  account 
of  the  saving  of  labor),  select  quote-marks.  If 
the  name  of  the  play  and  that  of  the  character 
are  the  same,   as  Ingomar,  the  name  of  the 
play  must  be  quoted,  the  character  italicized. 
See  De  Vinne 's  Correct  Composition,  page  224. 
See  also  paragraphs  22,  39. 

53.  Ships  and  Vessels.    There  is  not  any 
need  to  either  quote  or  italicize  the  names  of 
vessels,  unless  there  would  be  doubt  as  to  what 
the  name  means.    In  such  cases  italics  are  pre- 
ferred, though  quoting  the  name  will  do. 

54.  Newspapers  and  Magazines.    Names  of 
newspapers   and  magazines  should  be  set  in 
italic.  Some  papers  and  magazines  quote  maga- 


The    Magazine    Style-code  55 

zines  and  italicize  newspapers.  Italics  are  bet- 
ter in  both  cases.  De  Vinne  runs  both  in  roman. 
The  name  of  one's  own  paper  is  run  in  small 
capitals.  Linotype  machines  have  upset  these 
rules  somewhat,  but  unwisely  so  in  careful 
work. 

55.  Farther.     Use     farther     for     distance. 
Further  is  used  in  the  sense  of  besides,  more- 
over, being  equivalent  to  additional.    "I  have 
gone  further  in  astronomy,  you  have  traveled 
farther  in  miles. " 

56.  Foreign  Words  and  Phrases.    All  for- 
eign words  and  phrases  that  have  not  been 
Englished  by  long  use  should  be  italicized.  Vice 
versa,  en  route,  pro  tern,  and  like  words  should 
go  in  roman.     Aid-de-camp,  addenda,  ad  va- 
lorem, alias,  alibi,  alma  mater,  anno  Domini, 
ante  bellum,  a  propos,  billet  doux,  bona  fide, 
bravos,  cafe,  cantos,  carte  blanche,  viva  voce, 
rendezvous,  ultimatum,  post-mortem,  per  cent., 
per  capita,  per  annum,  facsimile,   and  about 
fifty  like  words  go  under  the  same  rule. 

57.  Unfamiliar  Words.    Unfamiliar  words 
are  run  in  italic  the  first  time,  but  in  roman 
thereafter,  as:  Aloha,  renigging,  mulching.  But 
see  paragraph  68. 

58.  Plays.    Julius  Caesar  should  be  set  in 
italic  when  it  refers  to  the  character  in  Shakes- 


56  The   Magazine    Style~code 

peare's  play,  but  the  name  Julius  Caesar  for 
the  man.  The  play  itself  should  be  "  Julius 
Caesar,"  or  Julius  Caesar.  See  paragraph  52. 

59.  Salutations.    Under  the  old  way  salu- 
tations such  as  Dear  Sir:  were  put  in  italics 
with  the  colon  as  indicated.    Dear  Sir :  as  here 
written  is  just  as  proper.     Take  your  choice 
and  you  will  not  err.    The  dash  is  not  needed. 
It  is  well  to  let  Dear  Sir:  occupy  a  line  by  it- 
self, properly  indented. 

De  Vinne  says  he  never  writes  such  salu- 
tations as  Dear  Sir  in  italic  though  he  ad- 
mits that  italic  with  a  colon  and  no  dash  is  the 
commonly  accepted  form.  He  advises  roman 
lower-case. 

60.  Salutations     and     Indentions.    Saluta- 
tions should  be  set  in  ordinary  roman,  with 
hanging  indention,  thus: 

The  Writers'  and  Proofreaders'  Society  for  the 
Prevention  of  Burial  in  the  Potter's  Field, 
216  Goodfellows  street.  Office  of  the  Secre- 
tary, 37  New  Testament  House,  New  Orleans, 
January  1,  1908. 

To  the  Superintendent  of  the  Home  for  the 

Unfortunate  Dead. 

Dear  Sir: 

In  reply  to  your  request  for  a  list  of  our 
members,  etc.     The  signature  should  be  set  in 


The    Magazine    Style-code  57 

small  capital  letters.     See  De  Vinne's  Correct 
Composition,  page  168. 

61.  Punctuation.    The  Chicago    Proofread- 
ers '  Association  has  these  rules: 

Omit  periods  after  per  cent,  and  after  roman 
numerals  when  used  strictly  as  figures,  but  not 
when  used  in  names,  as  Napoleon  III. 

Us?)  em  dash  in  conversations  such  as  this: 

Mr.  Smith — Is  your  task  completed? 

Mr.  Brown — Nearly. 

62.  Punctuation     with     Parentheses.    The 
comma  should  usually  go  after  the  last  par- 
enthesis; it  is  seldom  needed  before  the  first 
one.   De  Vinne  says:     "When   any  complete 
sentence  is  enclosed  by  parentheses,  the  period 
should  be  before  the  last  parenthesis,  but  when 
these  parentheses  enclose  a  few  words  at  the 
end  of  a  sentence,  the  period  should  be  after 
the  last  parenthesis." 

63.  Medieval  and  such  words  are  spelled 
the  simplest  way.    See  the  Standard  Dictionary. 
Subpena,  diarrhea,  Etna  Company. 

64.  0,  Oh,  Oh!  These  expressions  are  punc- 
tuated thus :  0  for  a  South  Sea  home !    O  that 
I  had  insured  in  the  Etna!  Oh,  how  my  tooth 
aches!    Oh!  my  crimes  are  deep  and  dark. 

65.  Plural  of  Proper  Names.    It  is  a  com- 
mon newspaper  error  to  run  sentences  like  this, 


58  The   Magazine   Style-code 

from  the  social  columns  of  the  San  Francisco 
Examiner  of  July  15,  1906:  "The  Thomas  H. 
Williams  have  been  visiting  the  City."  The  at- 
tempt to  make  the  singular  do  the  duty  of  the 
plural  in  such  a  case  is  ridiculous.  Williamses 
is  the  plural  of  Williams.  Printers  and  writers 
should  learn  how  to  write  the  plural  of  proper 
names. 

66.  Quote-marks.  It  is  sometimes  a  puzzle 
where  to  place  quote-marks.  There  is  no  better 
rule  than  that  stated  by  De  Vinne,  who  says 
that  the  closing  marks  of  quotation  always 
should  be  placed  after  the  comma  or  the  period 
in  all  places  where  these  marks  are  needed; 
but  the  fact  is  the  proper  place  of  the  closing 
marks  of  quotation  should  be  determined  by 
the  quoted  words  only ;  they  must  inclose  those 
words,  and  no  more;  they  may  be  before  or 
after  the  points,  according  to  the  construction 
of  the  sentence.  When  the  quotation  makes  a 
complete  sentence,  put  the  quotation-marks 
after  the  period  at  the  end  of  that  sentence; 
when  the  quotation  is  at  the  end  of  but  a  por- 
tion of  this  sentence  which  terminates  with  a 
colon,  semicolon,  or  any  other  point,  then  put 
the  marks  before  the  point.  The  mark  of 
punctuation  intended  to  define  the  construction 
of  the  completed  sentence  should  not  be  made  a 
portion  of  the  fragmentary  quoted  matter. 


The   Magazine    Style-code  59 

A  fine  example  of  this  is  seen  in  the  follow- 
ing: He  asked,  "Who  said  my  mother  lied?" 
and  didn't  Jones  reply,  "Nobody  dared  to  say 
that"? 

67.  Smaller  Type.    Quote-marks    are    not 
needed  when  extracts  or  quotations  are  set  in 
smaller  type  than  the  body  of  the  book  or 
paper.     Some   reputable   publications   do   not 
quote  the  extracts,  even  when  they  are  set  in 
the  regular  type  of  the  publication  and  run  in 
separate   paragraphs.     The   indenting   of   the 
matter  one  em  at  the  beginning  and  one  em  at 
the  end  of  a  line  suffices.    Such  matter  should 
be  set  solid  when  the  main  text  is  leaded. 

68.  Quote-marks,   single.      When   especial 
attention  is  called  to  a  word  the  single  quote- 
marks  are  used  in  lieu  of  the  old  way  of  double 
quotes  or  italic.     Thus:     He  said  he  thought 
the  word  'grafting'  applied  to  politics,  not  to 
horticulture.    See  De  Vinne's  Correct  Composi- 
tion, page  213,  where  authors  are  advised  to 
make  one  such  emphasis  of  a  word  suffice,  be- 
cause repetition  irritates  the  reader. 

69.  Reverend  and  the  reverend.      Never 
say  Reverend  John  Brown.    It  must  always  be 
the  Reverend  John  Brown,  for  reverend  is  not 
a  title  to  be  used  like  captain  or  doctor.    Hon- 
orable should  be  used  in  the  same  way,  if  at  all. 


60  The    Magazine    Style  code 

70.  Saviour  and  savior.    Preserve  the  his- 
toric way  of  spelling  the  Saviour  when  Jesus 
Christ  is  meant.     Other  saviors  are  without 
the  u. 

71.  Specials.    Print     birdsnest,      birdseye, 
bullseye,  heartsease  (a  plant  or  flower),  calves- 
foot   and  neatsfoot   as   single  words,   without 
apostrophe  or  hyphen,  except  when  signifying 
the  actual  nest  of  a  bird,  the  eye  of  a  bird  or  of 
a  bull,  etc. 

72.  Spellings.     The   Chicago   Proofreaders' 
Stylebook  has  given  the  following  list  of  gener- 
ally misspelled  words.    The  spellings  here  given 
are  in  accordance  with  the  Century,  the  Stand- 
ard, and  Webster. 

absinthin  consensus  paraffin 

acoustic  cozy  pedagogy 

ax  darky  polt 

amidin  defense  quartet 

antemetic  denouement  quintet 

arabin  dilettante  N         rarefy 

adz  downward  ruble 

backward  dram  (weight  Rumania 

baptize  dumfounded  straitlaced 

barytone  Eskimo  sestet  or 

benzoin  forward  sextet 

Bering  (Sea)  gelatin  smolder,  -ing 

blond  (adj.)  glycerin  sobriquet 

bluing  gully  stanch 

bouquet  hacienda  supersede 

Budapest  Hindu  tranquility 

bur  Hindustan  typify 

caldron  Mohammedan  upward  (not 

calk,  -er,  -ing  mold,  -er,  -ing  wards) 

calligraphy  molt,  -ed,  -ing  upward 

camellia  moneys  veranda 

cantharadin  mustache  vermilion 

carbureted  nickel  vitreous 

Chile  (S.  A.)  oculist  whir 

colter  offense  whisky 


The   Magazine    Style-code  61 

73.  United  States  are  or  United  States  Is. 
If  the  expression  is  used  as  a  collective  term, 
designating  one  great  nation,  the  singular  is 
correct,  but  there  are  many  sentences  in  which 
the  plural  verb  must  be  used.    It  is  proper  to 
follow  copy  or  query  the  expression,  if  there 
is  doubt  as  to  its  correctness. 

74.  Verbs,  singular  or  plural.  There  should 
be  no  hesitation  in  using  the  singular  form  of  a 
verb  when  the  subject  has  a  singular  meaning. 
Sometimes  the  logical  subject  is  singular,  the 
grammatical  plural,  as  in,  Ten  dollars  was  paid. 
By  ellipsis,  the  sum  of  is  understood. 

(a)  Addition.     Shall  we  say  "two  and  two 
is  four?"    Professor  William  Dwight  Whitney 
decided  for  the  Century  Dictionary  (of  which 
he  was  one  of  the  editors),  that  two  and  two  is 
four,  because  the  full  meaning  is  the  sum  of 
two  and  two,  or  something  "similarly  unify- 
ing in  the  sense  of  two  and  two." 

(b)  The  singular  verb  should  be  used  when 
the  subject  is  plural  in  form,  though  it  repre- 
sents a  number  of  things  to  be  taken  together 
as  forming  a  unit.  Here  is  an  example :  Thirty- 
four  years  affects  one's  remembrance  of  some 
circumstances.    De  Quincey. 

(c)  The  singular  verb  is  to  be  used  with 
book  titles  and  similar  names  and  singulars 


62  The   Magazine    Style-code 

that  are  plural  in  form  but  logically  a  unit. 
See  Baskervill  and  Sewell's  English  Grammar, 
pages  312,  313.  An  example  from  Goldsmith  is  : 
"The  Three  Pigeons  expects  me  down  every 
moment."  So,  we  should  say  the  Odd  Fellows 
meets  to-night,  meaning,  by  ellipsis,  the  lodge 
of  Odd  Fellows. 

'  (d)  Companies,  associations,  etc.,  are  us- 
ually singular  in  meaning,  as:  The  Southern 
Pacific  Company  is  in  trouble,  the  Bar  Associa- 
tion is  incorporated.  However,  collective  nouns 
are  to  be  followed  by  a  plural  verb  when  the 
individuals  are  thought  of  separately,  as:  A 
multitude  go  mad  about  it.  Emerson.  All  our 
household  are  at  rest.  Coleridge. 

(e)  The  following  is  from  Teall :  Three  dol- 
lars was  paid,  ten  dollars  was  the  price.   When 
the  meaning  is  simply  a  sum  of  money  as  one 
sum,  and  not  so  many  actual  separate  dollars, 
the  verb  should  be  singular.    Though  the  verb 
should  be  singular,  this  is  so  under  the  rules  of 
logic,  rather  than  those  of  grammar.    In  literal 
strictness  it  would  not  be  ungrammatical  to  say 
ten  dollars  were  paid. 

(f)  Collective  nouns  are  always  singular  in 
form,  but  many  of  them,  if  not  most,  may  be 
used  even  in  that  form  with  a  plural  verb,  but 
such    use    depends    upon   the   nature    of   the 


The   Magazine   Style-code  63 

thought  to  be  expressed.  Considered  as  really 
singular  are  a  crowd,  an  army,  a  multitude.  It 
should  be  remembered  that  these  words  also 
have  regular  plural  forms,  though  often  used 
with  the  plural  verb  in  the  collective  form. 

(g)  All  words  like  ethics,  mathematics, 
physics,  and  politics  are  plural  in  form,  but 
they  are  usually  treated  as  singular  in  mean- 
ing. The  dictionary  definitions  of  such  words 
all  begin,  "the  science  which  treats, "  etc. 
James  Russell  Lowell  wrote  politics  are,  and 
this  has  been  held  sufficient  justification  for 
this  use.  Teall. 

(h)  Either  bricks  or  brick  is  proper  as  a 
plural.  Brick  probably  has  the  better  stand- 
ing. The  Century  Dictionary  says  brick  is  the 
proper  singular  collective. 

75.  Whereabouts.    Whereabouts  is,  which  is 
never  are,  is  often  written  with  the  plural  verb, 
but  it  should  not  be  considered  a  plural.    The 
error  doubtless  occurs  from  some  fancied  re- 
semblance   to    headquarters,    which    may    be 
either  singular  or  plural. 

76.  Women.    Women's  names  should  never 
be  preceded  by  their  husbands'  titles,  as:  Mrs. 
Governor    Pardee,  Mrs.  General    John   Jones, 
Mrs.  Doctor  Charles  Ketchum. 

77.  Variations.    In  many  of  the  job  offices 


64  The   Magazine    Style-code 

of  the  country,  also  in  newspaper  offices  where 
composition  is  done  by  the  linotype,  there  will 
be  many  variations  from  the  style  expounded 
in  this  little  manual.  For  example,  it  will  not 
be  practical  to  follow  the  italic  citations  of 
books,  magazines,  newspapers,  etc.,  in  offices 
where  the  equipment  does  not  contain  italic 
magazines.  In  such  cases  the  use  of  roman  is 
recommended,  without  quote-marks,  which  are 
unnecessary  and  unsightly.  If  the  equipment 
does  not  carry  small  capitals,  newspapers 
should  run  their  own  names  in  roman,  making 
no  distinction  between  their  own  and  other 
publications. 

When  there  is  no  italic,  it  may  be  well  to 
quote  the  names  of  books  and  plays,  also  the 
names  of  vessels  and  characters  in  novels, 
plays,  etc.  This  should  not  be  the  custom  with 
vessels  and  characters,  except  when  it  is  neces- 
sary to  indicate  that  a  vessel  or  a  character, 
rather  than  a  person,  is  meant. 

Offices  not  able  to  carry  out  the  code  as  set 
forth  in  detail  in  these  pages,  should  make 
notes  of  deviations,  abiding  by  such  portions 
of  the  code  as  their  equipments  make  possible. 
By  a  few  interlineations,  notations,  etc.,  or  by 
an  office  card  of  deviations  this  work  will  be 
made  useful  even  where  it  is  not  followed  to 
the  letter. 


The    Magazine    Style-code  65 

78.  Wave-lines,  etc.    The  custom  is  almost 
too  well  known  to  record  that  one  line  under 
a  word  or  words  means  that  the  underscored 
matter  is  to  be  set  in  italics,  that  two  lines 
mean    small    capitals,  and  that  three  signify 
capitals.     Similarly,  a  wave-line  under  a  word 
or  words  means  that  the  portions  of  the  manu- 
script thus  underscored  are  to  be  set  in  lower- 
case  bold-faced   type.      Two   wave-lines   under 
matter  mean  that  it  is  to  be  set  in  bold-faced 
capitals.     A  single  line  down  the  left  side  of 
matter  means  that  it  is  to  be  set  in  type  smaller 
than  the  body  of  the  article,  and  two  lines  indi- 
cate that  the  matter  is  to  be  set  in  type  of  still 
smaller   face. 

79.  Writers' Absurdities.    Book-offices  have 
their  own  intricacies  of  style,  with  the  addi- 
tional bother  of  having  to  suit  the  varying 
whims  of  authors  and  publishers.    "Many  men 
of  many  minds ' '  write  for  the  papers,  but  their 
various  whims  need  not  be  humored  as  those 
of  book-writers  need  be.     Authors   of  books 
frequently  insist  upon  having  things  their  own 
way,  and  too  often  the  printers  have  to  make 
that  way  for  them,  in  opposition  to  what  the 
authors  write.    This  is  certainly  something  for 
which  the  authors  should  be  made  to  pay.    If 
an  author  is  determined  to  have  certain  matters 
of  style  conform  to  a  certain  set  of  whims,  or 


66  The    Magazine    Style-code 

even  of  good,  logical  opinions,  he  should  write 
accordingly,  or  pay  extra  for  the  necessary 
changes.  Teall. 

80.  Work  of  Stenographers.  If  stenographers 
would  master  the  principles  of  the  system  ex- 
plained herein  they  would  increase  their  effici- 
ency.    As  conducted  nowadays  there  is  great 
lack   of   system  in  the  work  turned  out  by 
stenographers  and  others  who  use  typewriting 
machines. 

Though  many  of  the  principles  and  rules 
herein  set  forth  are  with  reference  to  the  work 
of  printing-houses,  the  fact  remains  that  the 
principles  that  make  for  good  printing  make 
also  for  good  composition  in  general.  The  De 
Vinne  system  should  be  mastered  by  type- 
writers, and  used  by  them  on  all  work  that  is 
left  to  their  own  judgment. 

81.  Words  Spelled  Anew.     There  has  been 
considerable  recent  (September,  1906)  discus- 
sion of  the  reformed  spelling  as  recommended 
by  the  Simplified  Spelling  Board,  of  New  York 
City.     The   list   has   been    recommended     by 
eminent  scholars  of  both  Europe  and  America, 
and  many  of  the  words  have  been  in  general 
use  for  many  years.     In  adopting  the  list  re- 
cently, President  Roosevelt  said:   "It  is  not  an 
attack  on  the  language   of  Shakespeare   and 


The    Magazine    Style-code  67 

Milton,  because  it  is  in  some  instances  a  going 
back  to  the  forms  they  used,  and  in  others 
merely  the  extension  of  changes  which,  as  re- 
gards other  words,  have  taken  place  since  their 
time.  It  is  not  an  attempt  to  do  anything  far- 
reaching  or  sudden  or  violent,  or,  indeed,  any- 
thing very  great  at  all.  It  is  merely  an  attempt 
to  cast  what  slight  weight  can  properly  be  cast 
on  the  side  of  the  popular  forces  which  are 
endeavoring  to  make  our  spelling  a  little  less 
foolish  and  fantastic." 

82.  THREE  HUNDRED  WORDS 

The  complete  list  is  as  follows: 

Use  Instead  of 

abridgment  abridgement 

accouter  accoutre 

accurst  accursed 

acknowledgment  acknowledgement 

addrest  addressed 

adz  adze 

afflxt  affixed 

altho  although 

anapest  anapaest 

anemia  anaemia 

anesthesia  anaesthesia 

anesthetic  anaesthetic 

antipyrin  antipyrine 

antitoxin  antitoxine 

apothem  apothegm 

apprize  apprise 

arbor  arbour 

archeology  archaeology 

ardor  ardour 

armor  armour 

artizan  artisan 

assize  assise 

ax  axe 

bans  banns 

bark  barque 

behavior  behaviour 


68 


The    Magazine    Style-code 


blest 

blusht 

brazen 

brazier 

bun 

bur 

caliber 

caliper 

candor 

carest 

catalog 

catechize 

center 

chapt 

check 

checker 

chimera 

civilize 

clamor 

clangor 

clapt 

claspt 

dipt 

clue 

coeval 

color 

colter 

commixt 

comprest 

comprize 

confest 

controller 

soquet 

criticize 

cropt 

crost 

crusht 

cue 

curst 

cutlas 

cyclopedia 

dactyl 

dasht 

decalog 

defense 

demagog 

demeanor 

deposit 

deprest 

develop 

dieresis 

dike 

dipt 

discust 

dispatch 


blessed 

blushed 

brasen 

brasier 

bunn 

burr 

calibre 

calliper 

candour 

caressed 

catalogue 

catechise 

centre 

chapped 

cheque 

chequer 

chimaera 

civilise 

clamour 

clangour 

clapped 

clasped 

clipped 

clew 

coaeval 

colour 

coulter 

commixed 

compressed 

comprise 

confessed 

comptroller 

coquette 

criticise 

cropped 

crossed 

crushed 

queue 

cursed 

cutlass 

cyclopaedia 

dactyle 

dashed 

decalogue 

defence 

demagogue 

demeanour 

deposite 

depressed 

develope 

diaeresis 

dyke 

dipped 

discussed 

despatch 


The    Magazine    Style-code 


69 


distil 

distrest 

dolor 

domicil 

draft 

dram 

drest 

dript 

droopt 

dropt 

dulness 

ecumenical 

edile 

egis 

enamor 

encyclopedia 

endeavor 

envelop 

Bolian 

eon 

epaulet 

eponym 

era 

esophagus 

esthetic 

esthetics 

estivate 

ether 

etiology 

exorcize 

exprest 

fagot 

fantasm 

fantasy 

fantom 

favor 

favorite 

fervor 

fiber 

fixt 

flavor 

fulfil 

fulness 

gage 

gazel 

gelatin 

gild 

gipsy 

gloze 

glycerin 

good-by 

gram 

gript 

harbor 

harken 


distill 

distressed 

dolour 

domicile 

draught 

drachm 

dressed 

dripped 

drooped 

dropped 

dullness 

oecumenical 

aedile 

aegis 

enamour 

encyclopaedia 

endeavour 

envelope 

Aeolian 

aeon 

epaulette 

eponyme 

aera 

oesophagus 

aesthetic 

aesthetics 

aestivate 

aether 

aetiology 

exorcise 

expressed 

faggot 

phantasm 

phantasy 

phantom 

favour 

favourite 

fervour 

fibre 

fixed 

flavour 

fulfill 

fullness 

gauge 

gazelle 

gelatine 

guild 

gypsy 

glose 

glycerine 

good-bye 

gramme 

gripped 

harbour 

hearken 


70 


The    Magazine    Style-code 


heapt 

hematin 

hiccup 

hock 

homeopathy 

homonym 

honor 

humor 

husht 

hypotenuse 

idolize 

imprest 

instil 

jail 

judgment 

kist 

labor 

lacrimal 

lapt 

lasht 

leapt 

legalize 

license 

licorice 

liter 

lodgment 

lookt 

lopt 

luster 

mama 

maneuver 

materialize 

meager 

medieval 

meter 

mist 

miter 

mixt 

mold 

molder 

molding 

moldy 

molt 

mullen 

naturalize 

neighbor 

niter 

nipt 

ocher 

odor 

offense 

omelet 

opprest 

orthopedic 

paleography 


heaped 

haematin 

hiccough 

hough 

homoeopathy 

homonyme 

honour 

humour 

hushed 

hypothenuse 

idolise 

impressed 

instill 

gaol 

judgement 

kissed 

labour 

lachrymal 

lapped 

lashed 

leaped 

legalise 

licence 

liquorice 

litre 

lodgement 

looked 

lopped 

lustre 

mamma 

manoeuver 

materialise 

meagre 

mediaeval 

metre 

missed 

mitre 

mixed 

mould 

moulder 

moulding 

mouldy 

moult 

mullein 

naturalise 

neighbour 

nitre 

nipped 

ochre 

odour  . 

offence 

omelette 

oppressed 

orthopaedic 

palaeography 


The    Magazine    Style-code 


71 


paleolithic 

paleontology 

paleozoic 

paraffin 

parlor 

partizan 

past 

patronize 

pedagog 

pedobaptist 

phenix 

phenomenon 

pigmy 

plow 

polyp 

possest 

practise  (v.  and  n.) 

prefixt 

prenomen 

prest 

pretense 

preterit 

pretermit 

primeval 

protest 

program 

prolog 

propt 

pur 

quartet 

questor 

quintet 

rancor 

rapt 

raze 

recognize 

reconnoiter 

rigor 

rime 

ript 

rumor 

saber 

saltpeter 

savior 

savor 

scepter 

septet 

sepulcher 

sextet 

silvan 

simitar 

sipt 

skilful 

sithe 

skipt 


palaeolithic 

palaeontology 

palaeozoic 

paraffine 

parlour 

partisan 

passed 

patronise 

pedagogue 

paedobaptist 

phoenix 

phaenomenon 

pygmy 

plough 

polype 


practice 

prefixed 

praenomen 

pressed 

pretence 

preterite 

praetermit 

primaeval 

professed 

programme 

prologue 

propped 

purr 

quartette 

quaestor 

quintette 

rancour 

rapped 

rase 

recognise 

reconnoitre 

rigour 

rhyme 

ripped 

rumour 

sabre 

saltpetre 

saviour 

savour 

sceptre 

septette 

sepulchre 

sextette 

sylvan 

cimeter 

sipped 

skillful 

scythe 

skipped 


72 


The    Magazine    Style-code 


slipt 

smolder 

snapt 

somber 

specter 

splendor 

stedfast 

stept 

stopt 

strest 

stript 

subpena 

succor 

suffix! 

sulfate 

sulfur 

sumac 

supprest 

surprize 

synonym 

tabor 

tapt 

teazel 

tenor 

theater 

tho 

thoro 

thorofare 

thoroly 

thru 

thruout 

tipt 

topt 

tost 

transgrest 

trapt 

tript 

tumor 

valor 

vapor 

vext 

vigor 

vizor 

wagon 

washt 

whipt 

whisky 

wilful 

winkt 

wisht 

wo 

woful 

woolen 

wrapt 


slipped 

smoulder 

snapped 

sombre 

spectre 

splendour 

steadfast 

stepped 

stopped 

stressed 

stripped 

subpoena 

succour 

suffixed 

sulphate 

sulphur 

sumach 

suppressed 

surprise 

synonyme 

tabour 

tapped 

teasel 

tenour 

theatre 

though 

thorough 

thoroughfare 

thoroughly 

through 

throughout 

tipped 

topped 

tossed 

transgressed 

trapped 

tripped 

tumour 

valour 

vapour 

vexed 

vigour 

visor 

waggon 

washed 

whipped 

whiskey 

willful 

winked 

wished 

woe 

woeful 

woollen 

wrapped 


The    Magazine    Style-code  73 

83.     FORMS    OF  ADDRESS. 

The  following  correct  forms  of  address  are  believed 
to  conform  to  the  recognized  custom,  as  indorsed  by 
official,  social,  and  scholarly  sources  of  authority. 
Most  of  the  examples  are  from  Westlake's  "How  to 
Write  Letters,"  but  some  are  from  Harper's  Cyclopedia: 

Army  Officers.     See  Military,  Colonel,  etc. 

Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  or  of  the  supreme  court  of  any  state.  To  Hon- 
orable John  Brown,  justice.  Sir: 

Assistant  Secretaries  of  Federal  departments,  heads 
of  bureaus,  etc.  To  John  Brown,  Esq.,  secretary  of 
state.  Sir: 

Bishop.  Except  in  the  case  of  Methodists  address 
a  bishop  as  the  Right  Reverend  John  Brown.  Saluta- 
tion— Right  Reverend  Sir:  or  Right  Reverend  and 
Dear  Sir: 

Board  of  Education,  Board  of  Trade,  etc.  To  the 
President  and  Members  of  the  .  Sirs:  or  Hon- 
orable Sirs:  or  May  it  Please  Tour  Honorable  Body. 
Other  organizations  of  similar  character  are  addressed 
after  this  style. 

Cabinet  Members.  To  the  Honorable  E.  M.  Stanton, 
secretary  of  war.  Another  form  is  Honorable  E.  M. 
Stanton.  The  salutation  is  simply  Sir: 

Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  To  the  Honor- 
able Joseph  McKenna,  chief  justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  or  To  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court. 
Sir:  or  Mr.  Chief  Justice: 

College  Presidents.  Either  Dear  Sir:  or  Reverend 
and  Dear  Sir:  as  the  case  may  be. 

Company,  President  of.  John  Jones,  president  of  the 
North  German  Cracker  Company.  Sir:  or  Dear  Sir: 

Court  or  Judge.  Honorable  Thomas  F.  Graham, 
judge  of  the  Superior  Court.  Sir:  Dear  Sir:  or  Your 
Honor: 

Colonel.  Colonel  John  Brown,  commanding  the 
First  Cavalry.  Or  Colonel  John  Brown,  U.  S.  A. 
Colonel: 

Doctors.  Women  doctors  may  be  addressed  as  Doc- 
tor Mary  Walker,  or  as  Mary  Walker,  M.  D.  See  phy- 
sicians. 

Dentists.     Doctor  John  Brown.     Sir:    or  Dear  Sir: 

Excellency.  Excellency,  Tour  Excellency,  His  Ex- 
cellency, etc.,  were  formerly  applied  to  the  President, 
but  now  such  use  is  wrong.  Foreign  ministers  and 
governors  are  addressed  as  Excellency. 

General.     General    John    Brown,    commanding    the 
armies  of  the  U.  S.     General:    or  Sir:    The  former  is 
preferred. 


74  The    Magazine    Style-code 

Governor  of  a  State.  To  His  Excellency  Governor 
George  C.  Pardee,  Governor  of  the  State  of  California, 
or  His  Excellency  Governor  George  C.  Pardee.  Sir:  or 
Your  Excellency: 

Foreigm  Ministers.  To  His  Excellency  Edward  Ever- 
ett, Envoy  Extraordinary  at  the  Court  of  St.  James. 
Your  Excellency:  or  Sir: 

Heads  of  State  Departments,  Members  of  State  Sen- 
ates, etc.  Honorable  John  Brown,  Attorney  General, 
etc.  Sir: 

House  of  Representatives.  To  the  Honorable  the 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  Sir:  or  Mr. 
Speaker: 

Honorable.  This  title  is  applicable  to  judges,  may- 
ors, senators,  representatives  in  Congress,  the  heads 
of  government  departments  and  others  of  similar 
rank  below  that  of  governor  or  President.  It  is  \  im- 
proper to  thus  designate  the  chiefs  of  bureaus,  and 
other  subordinates.  In  official  communications  the 
official  designation  only  should  be  employed. 

Judges  in  General.  Honorable  John  Brown.  Sir: 
Dear  Sir: 

Justice  of  the  Peace.  John  Brown,   Esq.     Dear  Sir: 

Mayor.     Honorable    John   Brown,    Mayor    of   . 

Sir:    or  Your  Honor: 

Navy  Officers.  Admiral  Bowman  McCalla,  Com- 
manding U.  S.  N.  Sir:  Commodores  and  others  are 
addressed  similarly,  changing  title  to  suit  the  office. 

Mr.  and  Esq.  These  terms  are  somewhat  inter- 
changeable in  America,  but  an  ignorant  man  should 
not  be  addressed  as  Esq.  It  is  proper  to  confine  the 
title  to  persons  of  refinement. 

My  Dear  Sir.  This  implies  closer  friendship  than 
Dear  Sir. 

Miss.  Miss  Clara  Barton.  Dear  Mada.m:  or  Dear 
Miss:  or  Miss  Barton: 

Mrs.  May  be  used,  contrary  to  views  expressed  else- 
where in  this  volume,  before  such  titles  as  Mrs.  Gen- 
eral Sheridan,  Mrs.  Admiral  Porter.  This  custom  has 
the  sanction  of  good  usage  at  the  National  Capital, 
though  critics  condemn  it. 

Mrs.  Do  not  address  a  married  woman  as  Mrs.  Jane 
Smith.  Address  her  as  Mrs.  Erastus  Smith  if  Erastus 
is  her  husband's  name. 

Mr.  Mr.  is  sometimes  used  before  such  titles  as 
President,  Chief  Justice,  Attorney  General,  etc. 

Military  and  Naval.  Those  who  rank  under  captain 
in  the  Army,  and  commodore  in  the  Navy,  are  ad- 
dressed as  Mr.,  Sir,  or  Dr.,  with  U.  S.  N.  or  U.  S.  A. 
after  their  names. 

Physicians  and  Surgeons.  Doctor  John  Brown. 
Dear  Sir:  See  Doctor  for  women. 


The    Magazine    Style-code  75 

President  of  a  Board  of  Education,  Directors,  Com- 
missions, etc.  To  John  Brown,  Esq.,  President  of . 

Sir: 

President  of  the  Senate.  To  Honorable  John  Brown, 
President  of  the  Senate  of  the  U.  S.  Sir:  or  Honorable 
Sir: 

President  of  the  U.  S.  To  the  President,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.,  or  To  the  President,  Executive  Mansion, 
Washington,  D.  C.  Salutation  is  Sir:  or  Mr.  President: 
Omit  all  further  ceremony. 

Professor.  This  title  is  conferred  by  election  or  by 
courtesy  to  men  of  just  scholarship.  The  title  should 
not  be  applied  to  barbers,  horse  trainers,  dancing 
teachers  and  like  persons. 

Rector,  Minister,  Priest,  Rabbi,  or  Reader.  The  Rev- 
erend. Salutation — Sir:  Reverend  Sir:  Reverend  and 
Dear  Sir: 

Reverend.  Always  write  the  before  the  title  Rev- 
erend. Never  use  Rev.  immediately  before  the  sur- 
name. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CLERGY. 

The  Pope.  To  Our  Most  Holy  Father,  Pope  Pius  IX:, 
or  To  His  Holiness  Pope  Pius  IX.  Most  Holy  Father:, 
or  Your  Holiness:  Catholics  write  at  the  end  of  the 
letter:  Prostrate  at  the  feet  of  Tour  Holiness,  and 
begging  the  Apostolic  Benediction,  I  protest  myself 
now  and  at  all  times  to  be  of  Your  Holiness  the  most 
obedient  son,  JOHN  BROWN. 

Those  who  are  not  Catholics  should  trust  to  good 
sense  to  conclude  respectfully. 

Cardinals.    To  His  Eminence  Cardinal  Brown,  Bishop 

of    :     or    To    His    Eminence    the    Most    Reverend 

Cardinal  Brown.  Most  Eminent  Sir:  or  Most  Eminent 
and  Most  Reverend  Sir:  Conclude  thus:  Of  Your  Em- 
inence the  most  obedient  and  most  humble  servant; 
or,  I  have  the  honor  to  remain,  Most  Eminent  Sir,  with 
profound  respect  your  obedient  and  humble  servant. 

Archbishop.     Most  Reverend  Archbishop  Riordan,  or 

Most  Reverend  John  Brown,  Archbishop  of  .    Most 

Reverend  and  Respected  Sir:,  or  Most  Reverend  and 
Dear  Sir:  Conclude  thus:  Most  Reverend  Sir,  or  Most 
Reverend  Archbishop,  or  Most  Reverend  and  Dear  Sir, 
Your  obedient  servant.  Most  Reverend  and  Dear  Sir: 
should  be  used  by  a  clergyman  or  a  friend  only. 

Bishop.  Right  Reverend  John  Brown,  Bishop  of 

.  Right  Reverend  Sir:  Conclude:  I  have  the 

honor  to  remain,  Right  Reverend  Sir,  Your  obedient 
servant. 

Women  Superiors.  Mother  Angelica,  Superior  of 
.  (Sisters  of  Charity.) 

Priests.    See  Rector,  etc. 


76  The    Magazine    Style-code 

Legal  Titles.  Members  of  the  bar  should  always  be 
addressed  with  Esq.  following1  their  names. 

State  Legislatures.  Same  as  the  houses  of  Congress, 
except  the  name  and  the  phrase,  in  Congress  assem- 
bled. 

Senate  of  the  United  States.  To  the  Honorable  the 
Senate  of  the  United  States  in  Congress  assembled. 
Honorable  Sirs:  or  May  It  Please  Your  Honorable 
Body:  or  The  Honorable  Senate: 

Vice  President.  To  the  Honorable  Henry  Wilson, 
Vice  President  of  the  U.  S.,  or  (unofficial)  Honorable 
Henry  Wilson.  Sir: 


INDEX. 

Unless  otherwise  designated  the  citations  are  to 
paragraphs. 

Abbreviations  in  general 13  to  26 

Abbreviations  of  names  of  states 28 

Address,  forms  of 83 

Ages   of   persons 19 

A.  M.,  and  like  references 18 

Anno  Domini 13 

Apostrophes  to  be  omitted,  when 15 

Apostrophe  in  possessives 16 

Apostrophe  wrong  for  plurals 14 

Arabic  numerals 17 

Authors    are    supreme 12 

Authority,   sources   of 1 

Books,  how  cited 22,  36,  52  and  (12)  under  27 

Brick  or  bricks  as  plural (h)   74 

Cantos,  how  cited 37 

Capital  letters,  when  needed 33,  34 

Chemical  terms 35 

Co.   and  Company 21 

Company,    singular   verb (d)   74 

Collective  nouns 74 

Compounds  in  detail 10,  27,  41,  42,  43  to  47 

Commas  essential (18)  under  27 

Copymaking  is  an  art 6 

Credits,  how  printed 52 

Dashes,    when    omitted 48 

Dates 23,  24 

Dep't  and  similar  abbreviations (2)   under  27 

De  Vinne's  System 1 

De   Vinne   violated 49 

Dictionary  of  capital  letters  in  detail,  being  alpha- 
betically arranged 33 

Dictionary  should  govern 10 


78  The    Magazine    Style-code 

Division  of  words 50 

Edited  MSS.  save  money 3 

Editorial  observations 51 

Employee  preferred  to  employe (1)  under  51 

Er  words  rather  than  re Page  54 

Et  al Page  52 

Etc Page  52 

Ethics  and  similar  words (9)   under  74 

Farther   and   further 55 

Figures,  how  used  in  dates 24 

Follows  and   as   follow Page  52 

Following  named Page  53 

Foreign  words  and  phrases 56 

Headquarters  Is  or  are 5 

Hours,  how  written 25 

Interrupted  compounds 4 

Last   held   meeting 52 

Law  books,  how  cited 36 

Magazines,  how  named 54 

Medieval,  etc 63 

Month,  how  written 26 

Money,  ten  dollars  was  paid 74 

MS.  and  MSS (4)   under  27 

Names    not    abbreviated 2 

Names,  plural  of 65 

Newspapers   and   magazines 54 

Night   of   Horrors 34 

Numbers,  spell  out 24 

O,   Oh,   Oh! 64 

On  yesterday  or  yesterday Page  53 

Operas  and  plays 52  and  58 

Pages,    how    cited 38 

Paper,   size  for  printers 8 

Paragraphs,   how  cited 37 

Parentheses  and  punctuation x. 62 

Parentheses  for  states (10)  under  27 

Pet  names,  how  used (11)   under  27 

Plays  and  operas,  how  cited 52 

Plurals Page  53 

Plurals   of   names 65 

Preferred  words  .  .  .  % Page  53 

Printers  blamed 5 

Printers  to  edit  reprint 11 

PS (17)  under  27 

Publications,   how   cited 39 

Punctuation,  some  forms  of 61,  62 

Quarto (12)   under  27 

Quote-marks   in  general 66   and  68 

Quote-marks,  use  of  single 68 


The    Magazine    Style-code  79 

Reverend,  the 69 

Salutations,   how   written 59,  60 

Saviour  and  savior 70 

Scriptural  citations 40 

Self-confessed Page  54 

Ships  and  veesels 53 

Simplified  spelling 82 

Singulars  and  plurals 74 

Single  quote-marks 68 

Singulars    again (c)    under  74 

Smaller  type 67 

Specials 71 

Spellings  preferred 72 

Spoonfuls Page  53 

States,  names  of  abbreviated 28 

Stenographers  need  the  code 80 

Streets,  how  printed (13)   under  27 

Style-codes  to  be  mastered 9 

Style-codes  needed 2 

Sums — two  and  two  is  four (a)  under  74 

Time  references (14)    under  27 

Titles,  how  written (7)  and  (15)  under  27 

To  wit (8)  under  27 

Towns  and  cities (6)    under  27 

Unfamiliar  words 57 

United  States  is  or  are 73 

Verbs,  singular  or  plural 74 

Wave-lines 78 

Welsh  rabbit Page  53 

Whereabouts  is 75 

Women  and  husband's  titles 76 

Words,   division  of 50 

Words   in   legal   papers (16)    under  27 

Years 23 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  5O  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
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